Marcello Bacciarelli (; 16 February 1731 – 5 January 1818) was an Italian-born painter of the late-

baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

and Neoclassic periods active in Poland and the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

Biography

He was born in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, and studied there under Marco Benefial. In 1750, with the recommendation of the architect Gaetano Chiaveri, Marcello was recruited to

Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...

Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...

, where he was employed by Elected King Augustus III of Poland. After the death of King Augustus, Marcello went to

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

, and thence to

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

. In Dresden, he met Bernardo Bellotto and worked with this Italian painter throughout his life. He was recruited by King

Stanisław II Augustus Stanislav and variants may refer to: People *Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, Kherson Oblast, a coastal village in Ukraine * Stanislaus County, ...

in 1766 to become the Director of the newly founded Royal Buildings and Estates. In Dresden, he married Friederike Richter, a woman painter known for miniature portraits. In Vienna, Marcello painted portraits of the imperial family, including the four daughters of Maria Teresa, Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen and her husband, prince Albert. In Warsaw, he painted a set of portraits depicting nearly all Polish kings, from

Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave (17 June 1025), less often List of people known as the Great, known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025 and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia between 1003 and 1004 as Boles ...

to the last king of the

, Stanisław II Augustus who was also Bacciarelli's patron and admirer. He also made a portrait of Izabela Lubomirska in her wedding gown, that she commissioned years later after her marriage. Bacciarelli was also keen in painting culturally significant scenes from the history of Poland. Following the

partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...

and after Napoleon's rise to power he moved to the

Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw (; ; ), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a First French Empire, French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. It initially comprised the ethnical ...

, a client state of the

First French Empire The First French Empire or French Empire (; ), also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from ...

and died in 1818. A number of his paintings were painted for King Stanisław II Augustus of Poland and are in the Royal Castle in Warsaw. These include: * ''Strength, Reason, Belief, and Justice'', in the Old Audience Chamber * ''The Flourishing of the Arts, Sciences, Agriculture, and Trade'' on the ceiling of the Old Audience Chamber * ''Rebecca and Eleazar'' in the King's Bedroom * ''Esther and Ahasuerus'' in the King's Bedroom During Bacciarelli's early years in Warsaw, the young

Alexander Kucharsky Alexander Kucharsky (18 March 1741 – 5 November 1819) also Alexandre Kucharsky, was a Polish portrait painter who spent his adult life in France. He himself used the spelling Kucharsky,See signature at :Image:Marie Antoinette miniature by Kuchar ...

began to train as a painter in his studio.Le peintre KUCHARSKY
at museelouisxvii.com (accessed 28 December 2007) Another notable pupil of Bacciarelli's was Kazimierz Wojniakowski.

Gallery

File:Stanisław II August Poniatowski in coronation clothes.PNG, ''Stanisław II Augustus, King of Poland'' File:Marcello Bacciarelli - Heinrich Graf von Brühl.jpeg, ''Count Brühl'' File:Bacciarelli - Jan Kazimierz.jpeg, ''King John II Casimir'' File:August II the Strong by Marcello Bacciarelli.PNG, ''Augustus the Strong'' File:Bacciarelli Marie Christine 1766.jpg, ''Arch- duchess Maria Christina'' File:Bacciarelli Blue Marquise.jpg, ''Blue Marquise'' File:Bacciarelli Anna Lampel.jpg, ''Anna Lampel'' File:Izabella Poniatowska Branicka.jpg, ''Izabella Branicka'' File:Stanisław Poniatowski (1676-1762).PNG, ''Stanisław Ponia- towski'' File:Countess Henrietta Friederika von Bünau.jpg, Countess Henrietta Friederika von Bünau

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Bacciarelli, Marcello 1731 births 1818 deaths 18th-century Polish–Lithuanian painters 19th-century Polish painters 19th-century Italian male artists 18th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 19th-century Italian painters Court painters of Polish kings Polish people of Italian descent Burials at St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw Painters from Rome Polish male painters Polish courtiers 18th-century Italian male artists