The Maquoketa Formation is a

geologic formation A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics ( lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exp ...

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

,''A comparison of the Maquoketa formation and its fauna in Eastern Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois (1915)'', Thesis (M.A.) The University of Illinois

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...

,''The Stratigraphic Succession in Missouri,'' Missouri Geological Survey, Vol. XL 2nd series, 1961, pp 30-31 and

Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...

.USGS, ''Maquoketa Formation''
/ref> It preserves

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

coral Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the subphylum Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact Colony (biology), colonies of many identical individual polyp (zoology), polyps. Coral species include the important Coral ...

brachiopod Brachiopods (), phylum (biology), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear e ...

and

graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian ( Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through t ...

fossils A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

dating back to the

Darriwilian The Darriwilian is the upper stage of the Middle Ordovician. It is preceded by the Dapingian and succeeded by the Upper Ordovician Sandbian Stage. The lower boundary of the Darriwilian is defined as the first appearance of the graptolite species ' ...

Hirnantian The Hirnantian is the final internationally recognized stage of the Ordovician Period of the Paleozoic Era. It was of short duration, lasting about 2.1 million years, from to Ma (million years ago). The early part of the Hirnantian was char ...

stages ( Edenian to Richmondian in the regional stratigraphy) of the

Ordovician The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era, and the second of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon (geology), Eon. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years f ...

period Period may refer to: Common uses * Period (punctuation) * Era, a length or span of time *Menstruation, commonly referred to as a "period" Arts, entertainment, and media * Period (music), a concept in musical composition * Periodic sentence (o ...

.Maquoketa Formation
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Fossilworks Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world. History Fossilworks was cr ...

.org

References

* T. J. Frest, C. E. Brett, and B. J. Witzke. 1999. Caradocian-Gedinnian echinoderm associations of Central and Eastern North America. Paleocommunities--a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian 638-783 * R. J. Elias and D. Lee. 1993. Microborings and growth in Late Ordovician halysitids and other corals. Journal of Paleontology 67(6):922-934 * J. A. Catalani. 1987. Biostratigraphy of the Middle and Late Ordovician cephalopods of the Upper Mississippi Valley area. In R. E. Sloan (ed.), Middle and Late Ordovician lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Upper Mississippi Valley: Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 35 187-189 * J. Pojeta, Jr. 1987. Ordovician pelecypods from the Upper Mississippi Valley. In R. E. Sloan (ed.), Middle and Late Ordovician lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Upper Mississippi Valley: Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 35 182-182 * R. E. Sloan and G. F. Webers. 1987. Stratigraphic ranges of Middle and Late Ordovician Gastropoda and Monoplacophora of Minnesota. In R. E. Sloan (ed.), Middle and Late Ordovician lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Upper Mississippi Valley: Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 35 183-186 * F. M. Swain. 1987. Middle and Upper Ordovician Ostracoda of Minnesota and Iowa. In R. E. Sloan (ed.), Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 35:99-101 * W. C. Parker. 1983. Fossil ecological successions in Paleozoic level bottom brachiopod-bryozoan communities. 1-217 * J. K. Rigby and T. N. Bayer. 1971. Sponges of the Ordovician Maquoketa Formation in Minnesota and Iowa. Journal of Paleontology 45(4):608-627 * A. K. Miller, W. Youngquist, and C. Collinson. 1954. Ordovician cephalopod fauna of Baffin Island. Geological Society of America Memoir 62:1-234 * Y. Wang. 1949. Maquoketa Brachiopoda of Iowa. Geological Society of America Memoir 42:1-55 * A. F. Foerste. 1924. Upper Ordovician faunas of Ontario and Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 138(121):1-99 Ordovician Iowa Paleozoic Kansas Ordovician Minnesota Geologic formations of Missouri Geologic formations of Wisconsin Ordovician Illinois Ordovician geology of Wisconsin Dolomite formations of the United States Limestone formations of the United States Phosphorite formations Shale formations of the United States Deep marine deposits Open marine deposits Shallow marine deposits Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits Paleontology in Illinois Paleontology in Iowa Paleontology in Minnesota Geologic formations of Iowa Geologic formations of Kansas Geologic formations of Minnesota Ordovician Missouri Ordovician Wisconsin {{US-geologic-formation-stub

References

Further reading