Mantle (royal Garment)

A royal mantle, or more simply a Mantle, is a garment normally worn by emperors, kings or queens as a symbol of authority. When worn at a coronation, such mantles may be referred to as coronation mantles. Many princes also wear such a mantle. Sometimes the mantles are worn only once, but in other instances they may be worn or used on other occasions, such as during the opening of a session of the nation's legislature. Mantles also feature prominently in state portraiture and artwork featuring monarchs and princes.

In principle, there is no difference between the mantles of an emperor and king. Different countries have their own styles, and the shape of mantles has changed somewhat over the centuries. The oldest coats were not very long, and they were not lined with fur. In the 18th century, cloaks become more like each other and appeared everywhere in Europe. The French example was lined with fur, and a cloak with a long train became standard. The German emperors continued their short coat from the 12th century to the end of their empire. The Hungarian Kings also kept using their short coat from the reign of St Stephen until the end of their kingdom.

Originally, mantles and the religious cope, coming from similar origins as a cloak worn by all classes, were indistinguishable, except that the religious garment may have a flap representing a hood, and the mantle may be fastened at the shoulder instead of the front. Therefore, while the cope was used by all clerics in certain religious ceremonies, the mantle would be used by royalty on occasions of a sacred character.

The non-crowned but inaugurated Dutch kings wear a robe on the French model. In the Netherlands, one does not speak of a coronation mantle but uses the term "royal robe" (; Dutch phonetic: γoningsmant∂l).

Gallery

File:Gustav III by Alexander Roslin - no frame (Nationalmuseum, 15330).png, Gustav III of Sweden
File:Emperor Agustin I kroningsportret.JPG, Augustin I of Mexico
File:Emperador Maximiliano I de Mexico.jpg, Maximilian of Mexico
File:Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria Sept. 2006 001.jpg, Franz Joseph I of Austria
File:Auguste, Groothertogin van Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg, Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz
File:Augusta von Preussen.jpg, Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
File:Franz Xaver Winterhalter Napoleon III.jpg, Napoleon III of France
File:FWIV.jpg, Frederick William IV of Prussia
File:Karel X-Koning der Fransen.jpg, Charles X of France
File:Guérin - Louis XVIII of France in Coronation Robes.jpg, Louis XVIII of France
File:Francisco Goya - Portrait of Ferdinand VII of Spain in his robes of state (1815) - Prado.jpg, Ferdinand VII of Spain
File:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg, Joseph Bonaparte
File:Ingres, Napoleon on his Imperial throne.jpg, Napoleon Bonaparte
File:Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg, George III of the United Kingdom
File:Ludvig XVI av Frankrike porträtterad av AF Callet.jpg, Louis XVI of France
File:Koning Lodewijk XV- Child.jpg, Louis XV of France
File:Charles II by John Michael Wright.jpg, Charles II of England
File:Anne of Austria with her children (King Louis XIV and Philippe, Duke of Anjou) praying to the Holy trinity (Philippe de Champaigne).jpg, Anne of Austria, Louis XIV of France, and Philippe, Duke of Anjou
File:Richard II of England large 02.jpg, Richard II of England
File:Adoubement1.jpg, John II of France
File:Coronation of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile 1223.jpg, Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile
File:Pedro Américo - D. Pedro II na abertura da Assembléia Geral.jpg, Pedro II of Brazil
File:Vincenzo I Gonzaga nel giorno dell’incoronazione.jpg, Vincenzo I Gonzaga of Mantua
File:Volterrano, Cosimo III de' Medici in grand ducal robes (Warsaw Royal Castle).jpg, Cosimo III de' Medici of Tuscany
File:NicholasIIcoronation.jpg, Nicholas II of Russia
File:Weltliche Schatzkammer Wien (53).JPG, Emperor Ferdinand I as King of Lombardy-Venetia
File:King Jerome Bonaparte.jpg, Jerome Bonaparte of Westphalia
File:Seele-Friedrich I..jpg, Frederick I of Württemberg
File:Ludwig I of Bavaria.jpg, Ludwig I of Bavaria
File:Joachim Murat (1767-1815) (A).jpg, Joachim Murat of Naples

Bibliography

* Ruess, K.H. (red.), Becker, H-J. et al. (1997): ''Die Reichskleinodien, Herrschaftszeichen des Heiligen Römischen Reiches'', Gesellschaft für Staufische Geschichte, Göppingen,
* Elzinga, E. (1990): ''Theater van staat: oude tradities rond een jong koningschap'', Rijksmuseum Paleis Het Loo, Apeldoorn
* Fasseur, C. (1998): ''Wilhelmina, de jonge koningin'', Balans, Amsterdam
* Fillitz, H. (1954): ''Die Insignien und Kleinodien des Heiligen Römischen Reiches'', Schroll, Wenen - München
* Grijpma, Dieuwke (1999): ''Kleren voor de elite. Nederlandse couturiers en hun klanten 1882-2000'', Balans, Amsterdam,
* Kubin, E. (1991): ''Die Reichskleinodien, Ihr tausendjähriger Weg'', Wenen - München,
* Seipel, H.W. (2004): ''Nobiles Officinae. Die königlichen Hofwerkstätten zu Palermo zur Zeit der Normannen und Staufer im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert'', Skira, Milaan,

See also

* Koningsmantel (Netherlands)
* Swedish coronation robes
* Mantle of Luís I
* Mantle of João VI
*Robe
* Blessed Mantle of the Prophet Muhammad

References

External links

The Austrian royal mantle


* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20070927195826/http://www.riksregaliene.no/index.gan?id=27157&subid=0 De Noorse kroningsmantels

{{Clothing

Fur
Heraldry
Coats (clothing)
Mantles (clothing)