Manoj Night Shyamalan

Manoj Nelliyattu M. Night Shyamalan ( ; born August 6, 1970) is an American filmmaker. His films often employ supernatural plots and twist endings. The cumulative gross of his films exceeds $3.3 billion globally. Shyamalan has received various accolades, including nominations for two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and a Golden Globe.

Shyamalan was born in Mahé, India, and raised in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. His early films include ''Praying with Anger'' (1992) and ''Wide Awake'' (1998) before his breakthrough film ''The Sixth Sense'' (1999), which earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He then released ''Unbreakable'' (2000), '' Signs'' (2002) and '' The Village'' (2004). After a string of poorly received films—''Lady in the Water'' (2006), '' The Happening'' (2008), '' The Last Airbender'' (2010), and ''After Earth'' (2013)—he experienced a career resurgence with '' The Visit'' (2015) and ''Split'' (2016). These were followed by ''Glass'' (2019), '' Old'' (2021), ''Knock at the Cabin'' (2023), and '' Trap'' (2024).

Shyamalan was also one of the executive producers and occasional director of the 20th Television science fiction series ''Wayward Pines'' (2015–2016) and the Apple TV+ psychological horror series ''Servant'' (2019–2023), for which he also served as showrunner.

Early life

Shyamalan was born in Mahé, India, a town in the Union Territory of Puducherry. His father, Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan, is a Malayali neurologist from Mahé and a JIPMER graduate; his mother, Dr. Jayalakshmi Shyamalan, a Tamil from Chennai, is an OB-GYN.

Shyamalan's parents immigrated to the United States when he was six weeks old. Shyamalan was raised Hindu in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. He attended the private Roman Catholic grammar school Waldron Mercy Academy. He felt like an outsider and remembers that teachers would say that whoever was not baptized would go to hell. When he was a student there, a teacher once became upset because he "got the best grade in religion class and ewasn't Catholic". He later attended the Episcopal Academy, a private Episcopal high school located at the time in Merion Station, Pennsylvania.

Shyamalan earned the New York University Merit Scholarship in 1988, and was also a National Merit Scholar. Shyamalan is an alumnus of New York University Tisch School of the Arts in Manhattan, graduating in 1992. When reading about the Lakota, he discovered a person whose name was translated as 'Night' in English. He used Night thereafter instead of his original middle name, Nelliyattu. The name change was also in his view to draw audiences to his films with just his name, as with Hitchcock and Spielberg.

Shyamalan had an early desire to be a filmmaker when he was given a Super 8 camera at a young age. Though his father wanted him to follow in the family practice of medicine, his mother encouraged him to follow his passion. By the time he was seventeen, he had made forty-five home movies. On each DVD release of his films, beginning with ''The Sixth Sense'' and with the exception of ''Lady in the Water'', he has included a scene from one of these childhood movies, which, he feels, represents his first attempt at the same kind of film.

Career

Film

Shyamalan made his first film, the semi-autobiographical drama ''Praying with Anger'', while still a student at NYU, using money borrowed from family and friends. He wrote and directed his second movie, ''Wide Awake''. His parents were the film's associate producers. The drama dealt with a ten-year-old Catholic schoolboy ( Joseph Cross) who, after the death of his grandfather (Robert Loggia), searches for God. The film's supporting cast included Dana Delany and Denis Leary as the boy's parents, as well as Rosie O'Donnell, Julia Stiles, and Camryn Manheim. ''Wide Awake'' was filmed in a school Shyamalan attended as a child and earned 1999 Young Artist Award nominations for Best Drama, and, for Cross, Best Performance. Only in limited release, the film grossed $305,704 in theaters, against a $6 million budget.

That same year Shyamalan co-wrote the screenplay for ''Stuart Little'' with Greg Brooker. In 2013, he revealed he was the ghostwriter for the 1999 film ''She's All That'', a teen comedy starring Freddie Prinze Jr. and Rachael Leigh Cook. On June 17, 2013, Jack Lechner (who served as Miramax's head of development in the late 1990s) confirmed that both Shyamalan and R. Lee Fleming, Jr. contributed to the script: Fleming wrote the initial script that Miramax bought while Shyamalan did an uncredited rewrite (doing more than "a polish") that got the film green-lit. Lechner reiterated that content from both writers was included in the final cut of the film.

Shyamalan gained international recognition when he wrote and directed 1999's ''The Sixth Sense'', starring Bruce Willis, which became the second-highest grossing horror movie of all time. ''The Sixth Sense'' was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.

In July 2000, on ''The Howard Stern Show'', Shyamalan said he had met with Spielberg and was in early talks to write the script for the fourth ''Indiana Jones'' film. This would have given Shyamalan a chance to work with his longtime idol. After the film fell through, Shyamalan later said it was too "tricky" to arrange and "not the right thing" for him to do.

Shyamalan followed ''The Sixth Sense'' by writing and directing ''Unbreakable'' (2000), again starring Willis, a stealth superhero film within a thriller, which was both critically and financially successful.

Shyamalan's name was linked with the 2001 film ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', but it conflicted with the production of ''Unbreakable''. In July 2006, while doing press tours for ''Lady in the Water'', Shyamalan expressed he remained interested in directing one of the last two ''Harry Potter'' films: "The themes that run through it ... the empowering of children, a positive outlook ... you name it, it falls in line with my beliefs", Shyamalan said. "I enjoy the humor in it. When I read the first ''Harry Potter'' and was thinking about making it, I had a whole different vibe in my head of it".

His next film, '' Signs'', was released in 2002. The film stars Mel Gibson as a former Episcopalian priest who regains his faith in God during an alien invasion. It was both critically and financially successful and grossed $408 million from a budget of $72 million.

Shyamalan next directed '' The Village'' (2004), about an isolated community living in the woods. Although it received mixed reviews, it was financially successful as it grossed $257 million from a budget of $60 million.

After the release of ''The Village'' in 2004, Shyamalan had been planning a film adaptation of Yann Martel's novel ''Life of Pi'' with 20th Century Fox, but later backed out so that he could make ''Lady in the Water''. In an interview he said about his reasons for dropping out of that project:

Released in 2006, ''Lady in the Water'', a bedtime story about a water nymph and an apartment superintendent, was both critically and financially unsuccessful, only grossing $72 million worldwide from a budget of $70 million.

Next was the film '' The Happening'', a science fiction thriller about an inexplicable natural disaster causing mass suicides, featuring a teacher and his wife fleeing from contaminated cities into the countryside. It was critically unsuccessful but financially successful as it grossed $163 million from a budget of $48 million.

In July 2008, it was announced that Shyamalan had partnered with Media Rights Capital to form a production company called Night Chronicles. Shyamalan would produce, but not direct, one film a year for three years. The first of the three films was ''Devil'', a supernatural thriller directed by siblings John and Drew Dowdle. The script was written by Brian Nelson, based on an original idea from Shyamalan. The movie was about a group of people stuck in an elevator with the devil, and starred Chris Messina. The film was not previewed by critics before its release.

In 2010, he directed '' The Last Airbender'', based on the first season of the Nickelodeon TV series ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. It was critically unsuccessful—with significant criticism aimed at its casting of white actors in Asian and Native American-inspired roles, yet was a financial success, grossing $319 million from a budget of $150 million. It is now widely considered to be one of the worst films of all time.

In 2013, Shyamalan directed the film ''After Earth'', based on a script by Gary Whitta and starring Will Smith and his son, Jaden. It was received poorly by critics, but was financially successful, making nearly $244 million against a budget of $130 million. Shyamalan later described his thinking in 2013 as full of doubts, introspection and questioning.

Shyamalan announced in January 2014 that he would be working again with Bruce Willis on a film titled ''Labor of Love''. As of March 2022, and the retirement of Willis, this film had yet to be produced.

Shyamalan's reputation was poor and most Hollywood studios passed on his self-funded, low-budget horror-comedy '' The Visit'', featuring a brother and sister who are sent to their grandparents’ remote Pennsylvania farm for a weeklong visit. After revising the film, which Shyamalan had shot in secret, Universal picked up rights to ''The Visit''. The movie went on to gross $98 million worldwide on a budget of $5 million – the fifth-highest grossing thriller film of the year. Universal released the movie on September 11, 2015.

In 2017, Shyamalan released the movie ''Split''. It was both critically and financially successful and grossed $279 million from a budget of $9 million.

In 2019, he released ''Glass'' as the final installment in his 19-year trilogy inclusive of previous films ''Unbreakable'' and ''Split''. The movie grossed over $247 million worldwide.

His next film, '' Old'', a thriller about tourists who begin aging rapidly on a mysterious beach, was shot in the Dominican Republic and released on July 23, 2021. The film stars Gael Garcia Bernal, Eliza Scanlen, Thomasin McKenzie, Aaron Pierre, Alex Wolff, Abbey Lee, Nikki Amuka-Bird, Ken Leung, Vicky Krieps, Rufus Sewell, Embeth Davidtz, Alexa Swinton, Nolan River, and Emun Elliott. The film received mixed reviews from critics.

In October 2021, Shyamalan announced that his next film ''Knock at the Cabin'' would be released in cinemas on February 3, 2023. ''Knock at the Cabin'' premiered in New York City at the Rose Hall on January 30, 2023. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and has grossed over $54 million worldwide.

In February 2023, it was revealed Shyamalan's next film, titled '' Trap'', would be released in theatres on August 2, 2024 distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $85 million worldwide.

Television

Shyamalan is the executive producer on the Apple TV series ''Servant''. He directed several episodes, including the pilot. ''Servant'' was renewed for a second series in advance of the season one premiere. The second season of ''Servant'' completed filming in fall 2020 under COVID protocols.

Shyamalan was also instrumental in the creation of the Fox science fiction series ''Wayward Pines'' (2015–2016), for which he executive produced and directed the pilot episode. The series became the most-watched show of that summer.

In 2016, TNT first announced that Shyamalan would be responsible for a reboot series for ''Tales from the Crypt''. the series had been cancelled due to a number of legal reasons.

He also appeared in an episode of the series ''Entourage''.

Production company

Shyamalan's production company, Blinding Edge Pictures, is located in Berwyn, Pennsylvania. Blinding Edge has produced ''Servant'', ''Wayward Pines'', ''Devil'', '' The Happening'', ''Lady in the Water'', '' The Village'', '' Signs'', ''Unbreakable'', '' The Last Airbender'', ''After Earth'', '' The Visit'', ''Split'', ''Glass'' and '' Old''. It is run by Shyamalan and Ashwin Rajan. In February 2023, the company signed a multi-year first-look deal with Warner Bros., among them the Shyamalan-directed ''Trap'', which released theatrically on August 2, 2024.

Books

While working on his film ''The Happening'', Shyamalan developed an interest in improving the delivery of education in American schools. He hired doctoral student James Richardson to do most of the background research and as a result published ''I Got Schooled: The Unlikely Story of How a Moonlighting Movie Maker Learned the Five Keys to Closing America's Education Gap'' through Simon and Schuster in 2013. John Willol of NPR reviewed the book by stating "''I Got Schooled'' is a breezily written, research driven call to change America's approach to education. Shyamalan is smart and sincere, and his innovative ideas are unbound by the educational establishment."

Personal life

Shyamalan married Bhavna Vaswani, a fellow student whom he met at New York University. The couple has three daughters, including director Ishana and musician Saleka. His cousin is actor Ritesh Rajan.

Shyamalan and his family live near Philadelphia at Ravenwood, a estate, built around a 1937 Georgian Revival house.

Shyamalan is a season ticket holder of the Philadelphia 76ers.

In 2023, Shyamalan bought a estate from the Rockefeller family in Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, which has five historic houses and two barns for $24 million.

Filmography

Critical analysis and box-office performance

''Rolling Stone'' wrote that ''The Sixth Sense'' gave Shyamalan the reputation of "the guy who makes the scary movies with a twist". In 2008, Shyamalan said it was a common misperception that "all my movies have twist endings, or that they're all scary. All my movies are spiritual and all have an emotional perspective". He nonetheless avoided plot twists for years, until again using them starting with ''The Visit'' in 2015. ''Rolling Stone'' wrote in 2018,

After the release of ''The Village'', ''Slate''s Michael Agger noted that Shyamalan was following "an uncomfortable pattern" of "making fragile, sealed-off movies that fell apart when exposed to outside logic".

Shyamalan has also been nominated for, and in some cases won, numerous Golden Raspberry Awards for ''Lady in the Water'' in 2006, ''The Happening'' in 2008, ''The Last Airbender'' in 2010, and ''After Earth'' in 2013. In 2016 he was also nominated for the Razzie Redeemer Award.

''The Village'', ''Lady in the Water,'' ''Split'' and ''Trap'' have been included in '' Cahiers du Cinéma'' annual top ten lists.

Shyamalan is also known for setting and shooting his films in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, along with nearby Reading, Pennsylvania. Most of his early commercially successful films were co-produced and released by Walt Disney Studios' Touchstone and Hollywood Pictures imprints. Films of his resurgence, however, were usually released by Universal Pictures.

Critical reception and box-office performance

Awards and nominations

In 2008, Shyamalan was honored with the Padma Shri award by the Government of India. Shyamalan was the Jury President of the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival competition section.

Controversy

SyFy Channel hoax

In 2004, Shyamalan was involved in a media hoax with SyFy Channel, which was eventually uncovered by the press. SyFy claimed in its "documentary" special ''The Buried Secret of M. Night Shyamalan'', shot on the set of ''The Village'', that as a child, Shyamalan had been dead for nearly half an hour while drowned in a frozen pond in an accident, and that upon being rescued he had experiences of communicating with spirits, fueling an obsession with the supernatural.

In truth, Shyamalan developed the hoax with SyFy, going so far as having SyFy staffers sign non-disclosure agreements with a $5 million fine attached and requiring Shyamalan's office to formally approve each step. Neither the childhood accident nor a supposed rift with the filmmakers ever occurred. The hoax included a nonexistent SyFy publicist, "David Westover", whose name appeared on press releases regarding the special. SyFy also fed false news stories to the Associated Press, Zap2It, and the ''New York Post'', among others.

After an AP reporter confronted SyFy Channel president Bonnie Hammer at a press conference, Hammer admitted the hoax, saying it was part of a guerrilla marketing campaign to generate pre-release publicity for ''The Village''. This prompted SyFy's parent company, NBC Universal, to state that the undertaking was "not consistent with our policy at NBC. We would never intend to offend the public or the press and we value our relationship with both."

Plagiarism accusations

Robert McIlhinney, a Pennsylvanian screenwriter, sued Shyamalan in 2003, alleging similarities between ''Signs'' and his unpublished script ''Lord of the Barrens: The Jersey Devil''.

In 2004, Margaret Peterson Haddix claimed that ''The Village'' has numerous similarities to her young adult novel '' Running Out of Time'', prompting discussions with publisher Simon & Schuster about filing a lawsuit.

In response to both allegations, Disney and Shyamalan's production company Blinding Edge issued statements calling the claims "meritless".

Orson Scott Card has claimed that many elements of ''The Sixth Sense'' were plagiarized from his novel '' Lost Boys'', although he has said that enough had been changed that there was no point in suing.

Pop culture and racism

After the release of ''The Happening'', ''The Guardian''s Kim Newman questioned, "Can it be a kind of racism that the Indian-born, Philadelphia-raised auteur is hammered for his apparent character (or funny name) rather more than, say, Quentin Tarantino or Spike Lee?" The British Film Institute (BFI) also discussed the impact of racism on Shyamalan's career, pointing to frequent mispronunciations of his last name. By 2017, ''Vice'' said that " Shamalamadingdong" had become the "agreed-upon mockery of his name".

BFI asked if critical attacks are the result of egotistical statements on Shyamalan's part. They question whether his strong statements of self-assurance coupled with the remarkable success of ''The Sixth Sense'' set up a fall from grace which was soon realized when a run of very successful films (''The Sixth Sense'', ''Unbreakable'', ''Signs'' and ''The Village'') seemingly collapsed with a string of critical failures (''Lady in the Water'', ''The Happening'', ''The Last Airbender'', and ''After Earth''). In 2019, Tim Greiving of ''The Washington Post'' said that "his confidence was interpreted as arrogance by some, especially after he cast himself in ''Lady in the Water'' as a brilliant writer whose book is prophesied as a world-saver." Greiving continued, "Howard, who expressed pride in him for forging ahead despite his turn among critics, noted how rare it was for such a young filmmaker to write, direct and produce original material. He wondered whether that placed a bigger target on his back, as his reputation for doggedness was perpetuated within the industry and reinforced by critics."

References

Further reading

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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Shyamalan, M. Night

1970 births
Living people
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American screenwriters
American film directors of Indian descent
American film production company founders
American male actors of Indian descent
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
American male writers of Indian descent
American people of Indian Tamil descent
American people of Malayali descent
American science fiction film directors
American screenwriters of Indian descent
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American television directors
Artists from Puducherry
Episcopal Academy alumni
Film directors from Pennsylvania
Film directors from Puducherry
Film producers from Pennsylvania
Film producers from Puducherry
American horror film directors
Indian emigrants to the United States
Male actors from Philadelphia
Male actors from Puducherry
Nebula Award winners
People from Mahe district
Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Screenwriters from Philadelphia
Screenwriters from Puducherry
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Tisch School of the Arts alumni
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