Manley Ottmer Hudson (May 19, 1886 – April 13, 1960) was an American lawyer specializing in

public international law International law, also known as public international law and the law of nations, is the set of Rule of law, rules, norms, Customary law, legal customs and standards that State (polity), states and other actors feel an obligation to, and generall ...

. He was a judge at the

Permanent Court of International Justice The Permanent Court of International Justice, often called the World Court, existed from 1922 to 1946. It was an international court attached to the League of Nations. Created in 1920 (although the idea of an international court was several cent ...

, a member of the

International Law Commission The International Law Commission (ILC) is a body of experts responsible for helping develop and codify international law. It is composed of 34 individuals recognized for their expertise and qualifications in international law, who are elected by t ...

, and a mediator in international conflicts. The

American Society of International Law American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, ...

named a medal after him; as did

Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...

and University of Missouri School of Law with a professorship.

Biography

Early life and education

Hudson was born in Saint Peters, Missouri. He studied at the William Jewell College in

Liberty, Missouri Liberty is a city in and the county seat of Clay County, Missouri, United States and is a suburb of Kansas City, located in the Kansas City Metro Area. As of the 2020 United States census the population was 30,167. Liberty is home to Willia ...

, achieving a bachelor's degree in 1906 and master's degree in 1907. While at William Jewell, Hudson was initiated into the Alpha-Omega chapter of Kappa Sigma fraternity. In 1910 he earned a LL.B. from

Harvard Law School Harvard Law School (HLS) is the law school of Harvard University, a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, Harvard Law School is the oldest law school in continuous operation in the United ...

, as well as a S.J.D. in 1917. He received further PhDs from William Jewell College (1928), the

University of Missouri The University of Missouri (Mizzou or MU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Columbia, Missouri, United States. It is Missouri's largest university and the flagship of the four-campus Univers ...

(1931), and the

University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially known as UD, UDel, or Delaware) is a Statutory college#Delaware, privately governed, state-assisted Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Newark, Delaware, United States. UD offers f ...

(1934).Staff report (April 14, 1960). Manley Hudson, Law Scholar, 73; Member of World Court, 1936-45, Dies. Ex-Harvard Professor Led U. N. Unit. ''

New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...

Career

Hudson began his teaching career at the University of Missouri School of Law in 1912 before moving to Harvard in 1919, heading the department of international law from 1923 to 1954. He also was a guest lecturer at the Hague Academy of International Law (1925), the

University of Calcutta The University of Calcutta, informally known as Calcutta University (), is a Public university, public State university (India), state university located in Kolkata, Calcutta (Kolkata), West Bengal, India. It has 151 affiliated undergraduate c ...

(1927), and the

Graduate Institute of International Studies Graduate may refer to: Education * The subject of a graduation, i.e. someone awarded an academic degree ** Alumni, a former student who has either attended or graduated from an institution * High school graduate, someone who has completed hi ...

in 1936. Furthermore, he was an advisor and member of the law department of the

League of Nations The League of Nations (LN or LoN; , SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace ...

, the

United States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy of the United State ...

, and others. He became editor of the '' American Journal of International Law'' in 1924. Hudson married Janet Norton Aldrich in 1930 and was the father of two sons, Manley Ottmer, Jr. and Peter. Hudson was elected to the

American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other ...

in 1931 and the

American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publicat ...

in 1941. A member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration since 1933, he became a judge at the

in 1936 and held that position until the dissolution of that court in 1946. Since 1936, he was an associate of the Institut de Droit International. He also was an advisor and lecturer for international law at the

Naval War College The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. The NWC educates and develops leaders, supports defining the future Navy and associa ...

from 1946 to 1952. From 1949 to 1952, he was president of the

and first chairman of the

. He was appointed Special Rapporteur for the study of nationality including statelessness by the

on 26 July 1951.

Death and legacy

He retired in 1954, and died in

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, located directly across the Charles River from Boston. The city's population as of the 2020 United States census, ...

, on April 13, 1960.Staff report (April 25, 1960)
US news headlines.
''

Time Time is the continuous progression of existence that occurs in an apparently irreversible process, irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequ ...

'' His widow gave his collected 18,000 letters, notes, and manuscripts to the library of Harvard in 1964. He left his collection of 1000 law books to the American Society of International Law, which created the ''Manley-O.-Hudson'' medal in his honor. He was nominated for the Nobel peace prize in 1933 and 1951. His successor at Harvard was Louis Bruno Sohn. Both the University of Missouri School of Law and

have established professorships in Hudson's name. Notable past and present holders of these posts include David Kennedy and S.I. Strong.

Works

* ''The Permanent Court of International Justice and the Question of American Participation.'' Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925. * ''Current International Cooperation.'' Calcutta, India: Calcutta University Press, 1927. * ''Progress in International Organisation.'' Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1932. * ''By Pacific Means.'' New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1935. *''International Legislation'' (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1937, co-edited with Ruth E. Bacon) and *''World Court Reports: A Collection of the Judgments, Orders and Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Volume III, 1932-1935'' (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1938, co-edited with Ruth E.Bacon)Hudson, Manley O., and Ruth E. Bacon, eds., ''World Court Reports: A Collection of the Judgments, Orders and Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Volume III, 1932-1935'' (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1938). * ''The Permanent Court of International Justice 1920-1942.'' New York: Macmillan, 1943.

References

External links

ASIL Presidents: Manley Ottmer Hudson

Manley Ottmer Hudson Papers 1894-1960
via Harvard University {{DEFAULTSORT:Hudson, Manley Ottmer 1886 births 1960 deaths People from St. Peters, Missouri 20th-century American lawyers Members of the Institut de Droit International Permanent Court of International Justice judges Academic staff of the University of Calcutta Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration Harvard Law School alumni American officials of the United Nations American judges of international courts and tribunals 20th-century American judges Presidents of the American Society of International Law Members of the American Philosophical Society