Manihot

''Manihot'' is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2Tropicos, ''Manihot'' Mill.
/ref>

Species of ''Manihot'' are monoecious . . trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (''Manihot esculenta'').

''Manihot'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including '' Endoclita sericeus'' and '' Hypercompe hambletoni''.

;Species

# '' Manihot acuminatissima'' Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia
# '' Manihot aesculifolia'' (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
# '' Manihot alutacea'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
# '' Manihot angustiloba'' (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
# '' Manihot anisophylla'' (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
# '' Manihot anomala'' Pohl – South America
# '' Manihot attenuata'' Müll.Arg. - Goiás
# '' Manihot auriculata'' McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit
# '' Manihot baccata'' Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
# '' Manihot boliviana'' Pax & K.Hoffm. - Bolivia
# '' Manihot brachyandra'' Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
# '' Manihot brachyloba'' Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
# '' Manihot brachystachys'' Pax & K.Hoffm. - Brazil
# '' Manihot brasiliana'' Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil
# '' Manihot breviloba'' – Sergipe
# '' Manihot caerulescens'' Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
# '' Manihot carthagenensis'' (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
# '' Manihot catingae'' Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot caudata'' Greenm. – N Mexico
# '' Manihot cecropiifolia'' – Goiás, Distrito Federal
# '' Manihot chlorosticta'' Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
# '' Manihot compositifolia'' Allem – Bahia
# '' Manihot condensata'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
# '' Manihot congesta'' Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil
# '' Manihot corymbiflora'' Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro
# '' Manihot crassisepala'' Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
# '' Manihot crotalariiformis'' Pohl – Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot davisiae'' Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
# '' Manihot diamantinensis'' Allem – Bahia
# '' Manihot dichotoma'' Ule – NE Brazil
# '' Manihot divergens'' Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot epruinosa'' Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
# '' Manihot esculenta'' Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
# '' Manihot falcata'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal
# '' Manihot filamentosa'' Pittier – NW Venezuela
# '' Manihot flemingiana'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
# '' Manihot foetida'' (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
# '' Manihot fortalezensis'' Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará
# '' Manihot fruticulosa'' (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
# '' Manihot gabrielensis'' Allem – Goiás
# '' Manihot gracilis'' Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
# '' Manihot grahamii'' Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
# '' Manihot guaranitica'' Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
# '' Manihot handroana'' Cruz – Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot hassleriana'' – Paraguay
# '' Manihot heptaphylla'' Ule – Bahia
# '' Manihot hilariana'' Baill. – Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot hunzikeriana'' Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
# '' Manihot incisa'' - Goiás, Brazil
# '' Manihot inflata'' Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
# '' Manihot irwinii'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
# '' Manihot jacobinensis'' Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia
# '' Manihot janiphoides'' Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot jolyana'' Cruz – São Paulo
# '' Manihot leptophylla'' Pax – NW South America
# '' Manihot longepetiolata'' Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot maracasensis'' Ule – Bahia
# '' Manihot marajoara'' Huber – Pará, Amapá
# '' Manihot mcvaughii'' V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán
# '' Manihot membranacea'' Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso
# '' Manihot michaelis'' McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco
# '' Manihot mirabilis'' Pax – Paraguay
# '' Manihot mossamedensis'' Taub. – Goiás
# '' Manihot nana'' Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot neusana'' Nassar – Paraná
# '' Manihot nogueirae'' Allem – Distrito Federal
# '' Manihot oaxacana'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca
# '' Manihot obovata'' J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero
# '' Manihot oligantha'' Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás
# '' Manihot orbicularis'' Pohl – Goiás
# ''Manihot palmata'' Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro
# '' Manihot pauciflora'' Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca
# '' Manihot paviifolia'' Pohl – Goiás
# '' Manihot peltata'' Pohl – Goiás
# '' Manihot pentaphylla'' Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
# '' Manihot peruviana'' Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin
# '' Manihot pilosa'' Pohl – E Brazil
# '' Manihot pinatiloba'' Goiás, Brazil
# '' Manihot pohliana'' Müll.Arg. – Bahia
# '' Manihot pohlii'' Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
# '' Manihot populifolia'' Pax – Paraguay
# '' Manihot porphyrantha'' Goiás, Brazil
# '' Manihot pringlei'' S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
# '' Manihot procumbens'' Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
# '' Manihot pruinosa'' Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
# '' Manihot pseudoglaziovii'' Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
# '' Manihot pulchrifolius'' M.J. Silva – Brazil
# '' Manihot purpureocostata'' Pohl – Goiás
# '' Manihot pusilla'' Pohl – Goiás
# '' Manihot quinquefolia'' Pohl – Bahia
# '' Manihot quinqueloba'' Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
# '' Manihot quinquepartita'' Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
# '' Manihot reniformis'' Pohl – Bahia
# '' Manihot reptans'' Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot rhomboidea'' Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
# '' Manihot rubricaulis'' I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
# '' Manihot sagittatopartita'' Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot salicifolia'' Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
# '' Manihot sparsifolia'' Pohl – Goiás
# '' Manihot stipularis'' Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás
# '' Manihot stricta'' Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
# '' Manihot subspicata'' Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
# '' Manihot surinamensis'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
# '' Manihot tenella'' Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay
# '' Manihot tomatophylla'' Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
# '' Manihot tomentosa'' Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot triloba'' (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
# '' Manihot tripartita'' (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
# '' Manihot triphylla'' Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
# '' Manihot tristis'' Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
# '' Manihot variifolia'' Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay
# '' Manihot violacea'' Pohl – Brazil
# '' Manihot walkerae'' Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
# '' Manihot websteri'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca
# '' Manihot weddelliana'' Baill. – Goiás
# '' Manihot xavantinensis'' D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
# '' Manihot zehntneri'' Ule – Bahia

;variety treated as a species
# ''Manihot carthaginensis'' subsp. ''glaziovii'' = '' Manihot glaziovii'' (Müll.Arg.) Allem

;formerly included
moved to '' Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha''

# ''M. curcas'' – '' Jatropha curcas''
# ''M. diversifolia'' – '' Jatropha diversifolia''
# ''M. gossypiifolia'' – '' Jatropha gossypiifolia''
# ''M. herbacea'' – '' Cnidoscolus urens''
# ''M. moluccana'' – '' Aleurites moluccanus''
# ''M. multifida'' – '' Jatropha multifida''
# ''M. spinosissima'' – '' Cnidoscolus vitifolius''
# ''M. urens'' – '' Cnidoscolus urens''

Pollination

Monoecy was demonstrated by Jennings 1963 and George & Shifriss 1967.

References

External links

{{Authority control

Manihoteae
Euphorbiaceae genera
Taxa named by Philip Miller