Manidae ("
spirits") is the only
extant
Extant or Least-concern species, least concern is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to:
* Extant hereditary titles
* Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English
* Exta ...
family of
pangolin
Pangolins, sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota (). The one extant family, the Manidae, has three genera: '' Manis'', '' Phataginus'', and '' Smutsia''. ''Manis'' comprises four species found in Asia, while ' ...
s.
This family comprises three genera (''
Manis'' from subfamily Maninae, ''
Phataginus'' from subfamily Phatagininae, and ''
Smutsia'' from subfamily Smutsiinae),
as well as the
extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...
Fayum pangolin.
Classification and phylogeny
History of classification
All species of living pangolin had been assigned to the genus ''Manis'' until the late 2000s, when research prompted the splitting of extant pangolins into three genera: ''
Manis'', ''
Phataginus'', and ''
Smutsia''.
Taxonomy
* Family: Manidae (pangolins)
** Subfamily:
Maninae (Gray, 1821) (Asian pangolins)
*** Genus: ''
Manis''
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Asian pangolin)
**** (unranked): northern Asian clade
***** ''
Manis pentadactyla''
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Chinese pangolin)
***** †''
Manis hungarica''
(Kormos, 1934)
**** (unranked): southern Asian clade
***** ''
Manis crassicaudata''
(Gray, 1827) (Indian pangolin)
***** ''Manis'' sp. (''Scale_H4'' & ''Scale_H8'')
[Jingyang Hu, Christian Roos, Xue Lv, Weimin Kuang, Li Yu (2020.]
"Molecular Genetics Supports a Potential Fifth Asian Pangolin Species (Mammalia, Pholidota, ''Manis'')"
Zoological Science, 37(6):538-543
***** †''
Manis lydekkeri''
(Dubois, 1908)
***** Subgenus: ''
Paramanis''
(Pocock, 1924) (Southeast Asian pangolin)
****** ''
Manis javanica''
(Desmarest, 1822) (Sunda pangolin)
****** ''
Manis culionensis''
(de Elera, 1895) (Philippine pangolin)
****** †''
Manis palaeojavanica''
(Dubois, 1907) (giant Asian pangolin)
** (unranked): African clade
*** Subfamily:
Phatagininae (Gaubert, 2017) (small African pangolins)
**** Genus: ''
Phataginus''
(Rafinesque, 1821) (African tree pangolin)
***** ''
Phataginus tetradactyla''
(Linnaeus, 1766) (long-tailed pangolin)
***** ''
Phataginus tricuspis''
(Rafinesque, 1821) (tree pangolin)
*** Subfamily:
Smutsiinae (Gray, 1873) (large African pangolins)
**** Genus: ''
Smutsia''
(Gray, 1865) (African ground pangolin)
***** ''
Smutsia gigantea''
(Illiger, 1815) (giant pangolin)
***** ''
Smutsia temmincki''
(Smuts, 1832) (ground pangolin)
***** †''
Smutsia olteniensis''
(Terhune, 2021)
** ''
Incertae sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''
*** †
Manidae sp. 'DPC 3972'' & ''DPC 4364''(Gebo & Rasmussen, 1985) (Fayum pangolin)
See also
*
Mammal classification
*
Manoidea
References
External links
ZSL Pangolin Conservation Pangolin: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife FoundationTree of Life of Pholidota''National Geographic'' video of a pangolinProceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia(PDF)
The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis (PDF)
*
''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
'', March 6, 2020.
{{Authority control
Pangolins
Mammal families
Taxa named by John Edward Gray