Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya (

Ambarawa Ambarawa is a town and an administrative district (''kecamatan'') of the Semarang Regency, located between the cities of Semarang and Salatiga in Central Java Province of Indonesia. Administratively, it is bordered by the districts of Banyubiru ...

Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...

, 6 May 1929 – Carolus Hospital, Paseban,

Senen Senen is a long-established urban district () of Central Jakarta, Indonesia that has kept many tourist attractions such as two museums, the National Library of Indonesia, , and narrow alleys with old Chinese and similar style shops and restaura ...

Central Jakarta Central Jakarta (, ), abbreviated as Jakpus, is one of the five Cities of Indonesia, administrative cities () and ''de facto'' Capital City of the Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta. It had 902,973 inhabitants according to the 2010 census ...

, 10 February 1999), Rampan, Korrie Layun (2000). ''Leksikon Susastra Indonesia''. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta. p. 530. . was an Indonesian architect, writer, and Catholic priest. He was popularly known as Romo Mangun (Father Mangun).

Biography

Romo Mangun was the son of Yulianus Sumadi Mangunwijaya and Serafin Kamdaniyah. At the age of sixteen, he joined the People's Security Army during the

Indonesian National Revolution The Indonesian National Revolution (), also known as the Indonesian War of Independence (, ), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during A ...

and was shocked by the way the troops treated the villagers. In 1950, upon hearing a speech about the harmful effects of the revolution on civilians by one of the commanders, Major Isman, he decided to serve as a priest. He was ordained in 1959, while studying

philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

and theology at the "Institut Sancti Pauli" in

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an importan ...

. He continued to study architecture in

Aachen Aachen is the List of cities in North Rhine-Westphalia by population, 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants. Aachen is locat ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

, and at the Aspen Institute of Humanistic Studies in

Aspen Aspen is a common name for certain tree species in the Populus sect. Populus, of the ''Populus'' (poplar) genus. Species These species are called aspens: * ''Populus adenopoda'' – Chinese aspen (China, south of ''P. tremula'') * ''Populus da ...

Colorado Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...

. He was the author of many novels, short stories, essays and non-fiction works. He produced many anthology of novels such as ''Ikan-ikan Hiu, Ido, Homa'' (The Sharks, Ido, Homa), '' Roro Mendut'', ''Durga/Umayi'', ''Burung-Burung Manyar'' (The Weaverbirds), and his essays were published in various newspapers in Indonesia. His work, ''Sastra dan Religiositas'' (Literature and Religiosity) was awarded as the best non-fiction book in 1982, while his novel The Weaverbirds received the

Ramon Magsaysay Award The Ramon Magsaysay Award (Filipino language, Filipino: ''Gawad Ramon Magsaysay'') is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, ...

in 1996. His disappointment with the Indonesian educational system triggered him to explore alternative systems that led to the establishment of the Foundation for Elementary Education Dynamics in 1987. He had also set up an explorative elementary school for the community that was displaced by the development of the Kedung Ombo reservoir in

, as well as the poor in the Code River,

. Romo Mangun was known as the father of modern

Indonesian architecture The architecture of Indonesia reflects the diversity of cultural, historical, and geographic influences that have shaped Indonesia as a whole. Invaders, colonizers, missionaries, merchants, and traders brought cultural changes that had a profou ...

. In 1992, he received the

Aga Khan Award for Architecture The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of Muslim societies in the fie ...

for his work on the slum dwellers by the riverbank Code in

.. He also received The Ruth and Ralph Erskine Fellowship in 1995, as recognition of his dedication to the less privileged. His work on the houses of the poor along the banks of the Code River contributed towards Mangunwijaya becoming one of Indonesia's most renowned architects. According to Erwinthon P. Napitupulu, the author of a book on Mangunwijaya, due to be published at the end of 2011, Mangun heads the list of the top 10 Indonesian architects. Romo Mangun's dedication to helping those who were poor, oppressed and marginalised by politics through an "outcry of the voice of conscience" made him a strong opponent of the

Soeharto Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian Officer (armed forces), military officer and politician, and dictator, who was the second and longest serving president of Indonesia, serving from 1967 to 1998. His 32 years rule, cha ...

regime.

Awards

* Golden Windmill Award for fiction/literary works from

Radio Nederland Radio Netherlands (RNW; ) was a public radio and television network based in Hilversum, producing and transmitting programmes for international audiences outside the Netherlands from 1947 to 2012. Its services in Dutch ended on 11 May 2012. Eng ...

1992 for Kali Code,

* Indonesian Institute of Architects Award 1991 for Marian Shrine in Sendangsono *

1996

Architectural projects

Church altar of the Monastery of Saint Mary Rawaseneng

* Kali Code Urban Settlement, Yogyakarta : Aga Khan Award 1992 * Sendangsono (

Marian shrine A shrine to the Virgin Mary, or Marian shrine, is a shrine marking an Marian apparitions, apparition or other miracle ascribed to the Blessed Virgin Mary, or a site on which is centered a historically strong Blessed Virgin Mary, Marian devotion ...

) * Semarang Apostolic Building * Gedung Bentara Budaya, Jakarta * Gereja Katolik Jetis, Yogyakarta * Gereja Katolik Cilincing, Jakarta * Markas Kowihan II * Kampus II Universitas Surabaya * Gereja Katolik Santa Maria Assumpta, Klaten- Jateng *

Publications

Novels

* ''Romo Rahadi'' (1981, published under a pen name of Y. Wastu Wijaya) * ''Burung-Burung Manyar'' (1981) * ''Ikan-Ikan Hiu, Ido, Homa'' (1983) * ''Balada Becak'' (1985) * ''Durga Umayi'' (1985) * ''Burung-Burung Rantau'' (1992) * ''Balada Dara-Dara Mendut'' (1993) * ''Pohon-Pohon Sesawi'' (1999) * '' Rara Mendut, Genduk Duku, Lusi Lindri'' (2008, originally published as a

trilogy A trilogy is a set of three distinct works that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, and video games. Three-part works that are considered components of ...

Kompas ''Kompas'' () is an Indonesian national newspaper published in Jakarta, founded on 28 June 1965. It is published by PT Kompas Media Nusantara, which is part of Kompas Gramedia Group. The paper's head office is located at the Kompas Multimedia ...

daily newspaper during 1982-1987)

Novels translated into English

* ''The Weaverbirds'', translated by Thomas M. Hunter; John H. McGlynn, editor. Lontar Foundation, 1991. 316 p. * ''Durga/Umayi'', translated by Ward Keeler. University of Washington Press; Singapore : Singapore University Press, c2004. 212 p.

Anthologies of essays and short stories

* ''Sastra dan Religiositas'' (1982, Essays) * ''Esei-Esei Orang Republik'' (1987, Essays) * ''Tumbal: Kumpulan Tulisan Tentang Kebudayaan, Perikemanusiaan dan Kemasyarakatan'' (1994) * ''Rumah Bambu'' (2000, Short stories)

Others

* ''Spiritualitas Baru'' * ''Politik Hati Nurani'' * ''Puntung-Puntung Roro Mendut'' (1978) * ''Fisika Bangunan'' (1980) * ''Pemasyarakatan Susastra Dipandang Dari Sudut Budaya'' (1986) * ''Putri Duyung Yang Mendamba: Renungan Filsafat Hidup Manusia Modern Ragawidya'' (1986) * ''Di Bawah Bayang-Bayang Adikuasa'' (1987) * ''Wastu Citra, Buku Arsitektur'' (1988) * ''Menuju Indonesia Serba Baru'' (1998) * ''Menuju Republik Indonesia Serikat'' (1998) * ''Gerundelan Orang Republik'' (1995) * ''Gereja Diaspora'' (1999) * ''Memuliakan Allah, Mengangkat Manusia'' (1999) * ''Manusia Pascamodern, Semesta, dan Tuhan: Renungan Filsafat Hidup, Manusia Modern'' (1999) * ''Tentara dan Kaum Bersenjata'' (1999) * ''Menjadi Generasi Pasca-Indonesia: Kegelisahan Y.B. Mangunwijaya'' (1999) * ''Merintis RI Yang Manusiawi: Republik Yang Adil dan Beradab'' (1999) * ''Pasca-Indonesia, Pasca-Einstein'' (1999) * ''Saya Ingin Membayar Utang Kepada Rakyat'' (1999) * ''Kita Lebih Bodoh dari Generasi Soekarno-Hatta'' (2000) * ''Soeharto Dalam Cerpen Indonesia'' (2001) * ''Impian Dari Yogyakarta'', (2003)

Literatures on Romo Mangun

* Sumartana, et al. ''Mendidik Manusia Merdeka Romo Y.B. Mangunwijaya 65 Tahun''. Institut Dian/Interfedei dan Pustaka Pelajar, 1995. . * Wahid, Abdurrahman. ''Romo Mangun Di Mata Para Sahabat''. Kanisius, 1999. . * Priyanahadi, et al. ''Y.B. Mangunwijaya, Pejuang Kemanusiaan''. Kanisius, 1999. . * Prawoto, Eko A. ''Tektonika Arsitektur Y.B. Mangunwijaya''. Cemeti Art House Yogyakarta, 1999. * ''Mengenang Y.B. Mangunwijaya, Pergulatan Intelektual dalam Era Kegelisahan''. Kanisius, 1999. . * Sindhunata. ''Menjadi Generasi Pasca-Indonesia, Kegelisahan Y.B. Mangunwijaya''. Kanisius, 1999. . * Purwatma. ''Romo Mangun Imam bagi Kaum Kecil''. Kanisius, 2001. . * Rahmanto, B. ''Y.B. Mangunwijaya: Karya dan Dunianya''. Grasindo, 2001. . * Yahya, Iip D. and Shakuntala, I.B. ''Romo Mangun Sahabat Kaum Duafa''. Kanisius, 2005. .

References

External links

Critical study of Mangunwijaya (includes quote from Major Isman)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangunwijaya, Y.B. 1929 births 1999 deaths 20th-century Indonesian architects 20th-century Indonesian male artists 20th-century Roman Catholic priests Indonesian Roman Catholic priests Indonesian male novelists Indonesian novelists People from Semarang Regency Writers from Central Java RWTH Aachen University alumni Bandung Institute of Technology alumni