The Mangal () are a tribe of the

Pashtun Pashtuns (, , ; ;), also known as Pakhtuns, or Pathans, are an Iranic ethnic group primarily residing in southern and eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. They were historically also referred to as Afghans until 1964 after the ...

people residing in eastern

Paktia Paktia (Pashto – ''Paktyā'') is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the east of the country. Forming part of the larger Loya Paktia region, Paktia Province is divided into 15 districts and has a population of roughly 623,0 ...

and adjacent

Khost Khōst () is the capital of Khost Province in Afghanistan. It is the largest city in the southeastern part of the country, and also the largest in the region of Loya Paktia. To the south and east of Khost lie Waziristan and Kurram Agency, Kurram i ...

provinces of

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

, and in the town of

Tari Mangal Tari Mangal () is a town in the Kurram District, Kurram Valley at the Durand Line, near Spin Ghar, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Tari Mangal is away from Parachinar, and from the town of Aryob in Zazi District, Afghanistan. The Pashtuns, Pa ...

, district Kurram, Pirdil Khel, Fatima Khel and Surrani of Bannu Pakistan. Their land constitutes the northeastern part of the

Loya Paktia Lōya Paktiā (; lit. Greater Paktia) is a historical and cultural region of Afghanistan, comprising the modern Afghan provinces of Khost, Paktia, and Paktika, as well as parts of Logar

(Greater Paktia) region. The Mangals descend from

Karlani Karlāṇī or Karrani () is a Pashtun tribal confederacy. They primarily inhabit the FATA region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and certain parts of eastern Afghanistan. In the 16th century the Karlani founded the Karrani dynasty, th ...

Pashtun lineage. Mangals have resisted the various militant groups in the region and other external infiltrators, nevertheless they have remained neutral in respect of recent conflicts. The majority of Mangals are spread across Afghanistan who among other Afghans have been attached to professions such as politicians, military commanders, teachers and scholars specializing in Pashto literature. The Mangal leaders are most recognized for settling tribal disputes and have established an unwritten code known as ''nerkh'', which the Pashtun tribes still use as a tool to resolve conflict among each other. A small number of Mangals residing in the present day lakki marwat District around 1500 AD along with the Honi tribe. Most of these Mangals live as independent in lakki marwat (kpk) and in Kurma Pakistan which borders the Mangal province of Paktia in Afghanistan. Mangal tribe is also found in

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a province of Pakistan. Located in the northwestern region of the country, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the fourth largest province of Paki ...

province mainly in area of Thall Valley and also in District Hangu and Orakzai Agency of

FATA The Federally Administered Tribal Areas, commonly known as FATA, was a autonomous administrative division, semi-autonomous tribal region in north-western Pakistan that existed from Independence Day (Pakistan), 1947 until being merged with the ...

. A large group of Mangal's are living in the valley of kurram agency's areas such as Tari Mangal, Kutri Mangal, Gobazana, Haqdara, Gidu, Sursurang, Piwar tangi and Shalawzan Tangi. Mangal tribe also found in Qematay Mangal nearer to

on Afghanistan side. Mangals Of

and Mangals of Qematay Mangal are relatives of each other. These Mangals on both sides of the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan are called the saver of the border. Tari Mangal, Qematay, Kutri, Gidu and Shalawzan are popular for tourism as thousands of people from different parts of Pakistan have been visiting these zones on special occasions. Almost 70% to 75%

Mangal Mangal (or Manghal, Mangla) is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name * Mangal (singer), Afghan singer * Mangal Bagh (born 1973), Pakistani militant leader * Mangal Dhillon, Indian actor and ...

are live in Afghanistan side and 20% to 25% live in Pakistan side. Educationalist and Political activist Syed Ahmad Shah also belongs to

, Parachinar Kurram Agency.He is serving as a Principal in International Public School Teri Mangal since 2001. Mangals are living bothsides in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

History

The Mangal Pashtuns partook in the

Anglo-Afghan War Anglo-Afghan Wars may refer to: * Expedition of Shah Shujah Durrani (1833–1834) * First Anglo-Afghan War (1838–1842) * Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880) * Hazara Expedition (1888) * Chitral Expedition (1895) * Tochi Expedition (1897� ...

of 1879, they attacked the train baggage of the invading British Armies at Kurram. From 1924 to 1925, the Mangal fought in the

Khost rebellion (1924–1925) The Khost rebellion, also known as the 1924 Mangal uprising, the Khost revolt or the Mangal Revolt was an uprising against the Westernization and modernizing reforms of Afghanistan’s king, Amanullah Khan. The uprising was launched in Southern ...

. The Mangal tribal militia was one of the various militias assisted

Mohammed Nadir Shah Mohammad Nadir Shah (Pashto/Dari: محمد نادر شاه April 1883 – 8 November 1933) was King of Afghanistan from 15 October 1929 until his assassination in November 1933. He became the king after his victory in the Afghan Civil War of ...

to topple the

Tajik Tajik, Tajikistan or Tajikistani may refer to. Someone or something related to Tajikistan: Tajik * Tajiks, an ethnic group in Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan * Tajik language, the official language of Tajikistan * Tajik alphabet, Alphabet u ...

King,

Habibullah Kalakani Habibullah () also spelled Habib Ullah, Habibollah, Habeeb-Allah, is a male Muslim given name meaning in ''Beloved of God'', stemming from the male form of the name Habib. It may refer to: People named Habib Ullah * Habib Ullah Khan (politici ...

. Consequently, Nadir Khan owed much to the tribes of Paktia, these tribal leaders were granted vast war booty and power by the new administration. In fact, the entire greater

Loya Paktia Lōya Paktiā (; lit. Greater Paktia) is a historical and cultural region of Afghanistan, comprising the modern Afghan provinces of Khost, Paktia, and Paktika, as well as parts of Logar

region was exempt from mandatory military service, which the rest of the nation (regardless of ethnicity, region, or family) endured. The Mangal tribal militia was deployed in Northern Afghanistan shortly before Nadir Khan's assassination to oust an Uzbek Muslim resistance fighter, Ibrahimbeg Laqqai, who was using ethnic kin support in Northern Afghanistan against

Soviets The Soviet people () were the citizens and nationals of the Soviet Union. This demonym was presented in the ideology of the country as the "new historical unity of peoples of different nationalities" (). Nationality policy in the Soviet Union ...

in his homeland across the

Oxus The Amu Darya ( ),() also shortened to Amu and historically known as the Oxus ( ), is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan. Rising in the Pamir Mountains, north of the Hindu Ku ...

river. Laqqai had been successfully battling Soviet troops, who had taken over his homeland of modern-day Uzbekistan, in what is now known as the

Basmachi Movement The Basmachi movement (, derived from ) was an uprising against Imperial Russian and Soviet rule in Central Asia by rebel groups inspired by Islamic beliefs. It has been called "probably the most important movement of opposition to Soviet rul ...

. During Kalakani's short rule as king, Laqqai was given support in the Northern Tajik and Uzbek communities and thus he recruited locals to fight across the river against the

. Mohammad Nader Khan worried by this, summoned the Mangal tribe, amongst others, armed them with Soviet-supplied weaponry and motivated them by promises of war booty, to being dispatched to the north. Within a few months, with

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

support and systematic terror against

and Uzbek locals, the Basmachi Movement were brutally crushed in

and eventually in

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

and driven him back across the

Amu river The Amu Darya ( ),() also shortened to Amu and historically known as the Oxus ( ), is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan. Rising in the Pamir Mountains, north of the Hindu Ku ...

, where Ibrahimbeg Laqqai was subsequently captured and hanged by the Soviets. The Mangals also played a notable role in the late 20th century history of

. The son and grandsons of the Mangals who toppled

were recruited in the

Afghan Army The Islamic National Army (, ), also referred to as the Islamic Emirate Army and the Afghan Army, is the land force branch of the Afghan Armed Forces. The roots of an army in Afghanistan can be traced back to the early 18th century when the Ho ...

and educated in

Military Academies. Consequently, they came back as ideological

Communists Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, d ...

who eventually joined military corp of the

KHALQ Khalq (Dari/, ) was a faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Its historical ''de facto'' leaders were Nur Muhammad Taraki (1967–1979), Hafizullah Amin (1979) It was also the name of the leftist newspaper produced by ...

faction and overthrew the Monarchy Central Intelligence Agency -
Public Intelligence - Afghan Cultures
'

mengal Sub-tribes

Mallukzai is part of mengal tribe, in the Baloch caste system, the Mengal tribe is one of the prominent tribes, and within the Mengal tribe, there are several sub-tribes or clans. The Mallukzai (also spelled Mallukzai ) is indeed one of the sub-tribes of the Mengal tribe. The Mengal tribe is divided into various sub-tribes, and Mallukzai is one of them. So, the Mallukzai are part of the larger Mengal tribe and are not considered a separate or split entity but rather a branch within the Mengal tribal structure Musa Khil 1: ''Hasan khil'' ''2: Khujuri'' ''3: Haibi'' ''4: Margai'' ''5: Kamal Khil'' 6: Meral Khil Jani Khil ''1: Kamazi'' ''2: Darman Khil'' ''3: sulimen khil'' ''4: Lama Khil''

Sources

*Henry Walter Bellew. ''An inquiry into the ethnography of Afghanistan''

References

External links

Mangal/Mongol Tribal Tree
Center for Culture and Conflict Studies, US Naval Postgraduate School. {{authority control Karlani Pashtun tribes Tribes of Afghanistan Tribes of Pakistan Ethnic groups in Khost Province

History

mengal Sub-tribes

See also

Sources

References

External links