Mandunyane Primary School
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Mandunyane is named after Kgosi Harry Mandunyane I, who ruled since 1973 when the village was established. The village is located in the Central District of
Botswana Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory part of the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the sou ...
in
Tonota Tonota is a village located in the Central District of Botswana. The people in Tonota are said to be Bakhurutshe who fought against some other tribes they found there and after winning the war, they owned the land and they became 'Ba bina kgama ...
subdistrict. It is approximately north west of Tonota and roughly {{convert, 30, km, abbr=on south west of
Francistown Francistown is the second-largest city in Botswana, with a population of about 103,417 inhabitants and 147,122 inhabitants in its agglomeration at the 2022 census. It is located in eastern Botswana, about north-northeast from the capital, Gabo ...
.


History

Mandunyane village dates back to 1973. According to the elders, the first inhabitants of Mandunyane settled at the west of the current
Shashe Dam The Shashe Dam is a dam on the Shashe River in Botswana that was built to supply water to the industrial city of Selebi-Phikwe. The large village of Tonota lies just south of the dam. Location and capacity The dam impounds the Shashe River and ...
. In the early 1970s, residents were forced to relocate to make way for construction of the dam. In 1973 residents unanimously agreed to settle at the current Mandunyane. Upon their arrival there was no proper leadership. The first man to lead them was the late Kgosi Harry Mandunyane I. After his death, Kgosi Kaisara Sebopelo reigned and in 2003 Kgosi Joshua Joel inherited the throne after the untimely death of Sebopelo. There are several ethnic groups in Mandunyane: Bazezuru who reside in Maseka ward, Bakalaka, Bakhurutshe, Amandebele, Bangwato, Basarwa in Gabaratane ward and Basampesi. Bazeuru are the most populous group.


Geography

Mandunyane is surrounded by Tonota West to the south, Shashe Mooke to the west, Shashe Bridge to the north and Semotswane to the east. The village is divided into six wards: Moabi in the southwest, Kgari in the southeast, Gabaratane in the northwest, Maseka in the northeast, Makamane in the central north and Morokotso in the central south. The village is ideally sandwiched between Shashe Dam and the Tholodi River.


Tribal administration

The leadership of the village consists of the chief, headman of records, Village Development Committee, a member of parliament and a councillor. Kgosi Joshua Joel is the chief and tribal leader and is responsible for general administration of the village. He is the head of the customary court and ex-officio member of the VDC. Six headmen are the chief's principal advisors. As of 2012, they were Moabi, Mooketsi, Manake, Sehedi, Kgari and Makamane. The throne of chieftainship is inherited. The rightful heir to the throne is Joel's eldest son. The Village Development Committee, elected after every two years, is responsible for village
infrastructure Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and pri ...
and social welfare. It consists of ten residents. Conah Fraiser is the chairperson of the committee as of 2012. Mandunyane falls under the Tonota South political constituency. Pono Moatlhodi is the area member of parliament. Retired Brigadier Bathoen Maseko is the village councillor.


Climate

Mandunyane has a semi-arid climate and most of the year offers hot days and cool nights. Average summer temperatures are 26 °C and the winters are very cold. A cool breeze flows from Shashe Dam. Rain falls from October to February.


Demography

In 2001 Mandunyane had a population of 3265 with 1544 males and 2121 females. In 2011, the population grew by 6% and stood at 3800. The majority of residents are the youth who make up 54% of the population. The age structure is: 54% 0–35, 30% 35–65, and 26% are 65+. Life expectancy is 54 years. The
mortality rate Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular Statistical population, population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically ...
has decreased drastically from 70% in 2000 to 20% in 2011.


Religion

95% of the inhabitants of Mandunyane are Christian, 2% are Muslim and 3% follow traditional African practices. Christian denominations include
Zion Christian Church 300px, Zion City Moria beside the R71 route, Limpopo The Zion Christian Church (ZCC) is one of the largest African-initiated churches operating across Southern Africa, and is part of the African Zionism movement. The church's headquarters ...
, Gospel of God Church, RARA Apostolic Church In Zion, SDAC, and New Bethel. There is one mosque in Morokotso ward.


Economy

Mandunyane residents earn a living mostly through
agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...
. Most of the residents have farms in the eastern part of the village. Output is mostly for family consumption, while the surplus is sold at Francistown. Residents also rear cattle, goats, sheep and poultry. Animals are also for family consumption and may be sold during tough times such as famine. Most youth are enrolled in government poverty eradication programmes such as Ipelegeng and backyard gardening. The poverty rate stands at 23.1%. Most of its residents, especially the youth, are employed at urban areas such as Francistown, Gaborone and Selibe Phikwe in manufacturing and industrial companies. Some are employed in government and
parastatal A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity created or owned by a national or local government, either through an executive order or legislation. SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goo ...
s.


Education

Mandunyane residents attend Mandunyane Primary School for seven years and obtain a Primary School Leaving Examinations PSLE and then graduate to Tonota Junior Secondary School for three years to acquire a JCE. Those who excel continue at Shashe River School where they obtain a BGCSE/ COSC. According to a research conducted by the ministry of education and skills development in 2010, 90% of the residents have a PSLE, 88% JCE, 45% BGCSE, and 20% have a certificate, diploma and degree while 1% have MBA, MSC and PhD. Some obtain their bachelor's degrees at the University of Botswana and other overseas universities in United Kingdom, Jamaica, United States and Canada.


Entertainment

Rhumba Rhumba, also known as ballroom rumba, is a genre of ballroom music and ballroom dance, dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s. It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms, primarily the son cub ...
is the popular music genre in Mandunyane.
Disco Disco is a music genre, genre of dance music and a subculture that emerged in the late 1960s from the United States' urban nightclub, nightlife, particularly in African Americans, African-American, Italian-Americans, Italian-American, LGBTQ ...
,
traditional music Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has b ...
and gospel are also popular. Pool and traditional
chess Chess is a board game for two players. It is an abstract strategy game that involves Perfect information, no hidden information and no elements of game of chance, chance. It is played on a square chessboard, board consisting of 64 squares arran ...
are favourite games. Sojourners can also enjoy Shashe dam where there is swimming and fishing.


Sports

Football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...
is the famous sport. An annual tournament takes place during festive season. Football clubs include Jungle Boys FC, FC Mokwakwa, Red Sparks and Zebras amongst others.
Volleyball Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summ ...
and
tennis Tennis is a List of racket sports, racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles (tennis), singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles (tennis), doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket st ...
are also played.


Cuisine

The favourite meal is papa, morogo wa dinawa, chicken, rice, beef and chomolia. Traditional brews such as Morula, setopoti, khadi and Chibuku are also enjoyed.


References

*African cities-Mandunyane history.Mandunyane.info. AfricanCities.net *Central Statistics Office (2008–09) *Towns and Cities of Botswana Populated places in Botswana