''Malayalanadu'' was a

Malayalam-language Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian languages, Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of ...

Indian literary magazine published from 1969 to 1984, under the editorship of S. K. Nair. Based in

Quilon Kollam (;), is an ancient seaport and the fourth largest city in the Indian state of Kerala. Located on the southern tip of the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea, the city is on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake and is 71 kilometers (44 mi) nort ...

Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...

, the magazine emerged as one of the leading literary periodicals of its era. ''Malayalanadu'' played a significant role in shaping the cultural landscape of Kerala during the 1970s and early 1980s.

Beginning

''Malayalanadu'' was established in 1969 by S. K. Nair, a successful businessman and cashew broker based in

, Kerala. Nair was actively involved in cultural and literary circles. He was inspired to launch a magazine by his friend K. Balakrishnan, the publisher of ''Kaumudi Weekly''. Following nine months of preparation, the inaugural edition was launched on 18 May 1969. The first editorial committee comprised V. B. C. Nair, Parakkode N. R. Kurup (''

Janayugom ''Janayugom'' is a Malayalam daily newspaper published in Kerala, India. It is the official organ of the Kerala State Council of the Communist Party of India. It is the first newspaper in India using free software. Originally started in 1947 as ...

'') and

Perumbadavam Sreedharan Perumbadavam Sreedharan (born 12 February 1938) is a Malayalam author from Kerala, India. He is former chairman of Kerala Sahitya Akademi. He has written several novels and short stories. One of his best known novels is ''Oru Sankeerthanam Pole' ...

. Notable works featured in the debut edition included

Kakkanadan George Varghese Kakkanadan (23 April 1935 – 19 October 2011), commonly known as Kakkanadan, was an Indian short-story writer and novelist in the Malayalam language. His works broke away from the Neorealism (art), neo-realism that dominated Mal ...

's novel ''Parankimala'', G. Vivekandan's novel ''Ammu'',

Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai (17 April 1912 – 10 April 1999), popularly known as Thakazhi after his place of birth, was an Indian novelist and short story writer of Malayalam literature. He wrote over 30 novels and novellas and over 600 s ...

's short story ''Prethavicharam'' and M. Krishnan Nair's column ''Sahitya Varaphalam'', contributing to the magazine's immediate success. Demand was so high that Nair had to print additional copies. The magazine was priced at 30 paise per issue. The cover of the first issue was crafted by Sivan Studios and featured an image of an elderly Namboothiri man holding a traditional palm leaf umbrella. The first issue also included diverse articles and columns such as N. P. Chellappan Nair's ''Sasthavu-Ayyappan'' (essay),

Malayattoor Ramakrishnan K. V. Ramakrishna Iyer, better known by his pen name, Malayattoor Ramakrishnan (27 May 1927 – 27 December 1997), was an Indian writer of Malayalam literature, cartoonist, lawyer, Magistrate, judicial magistrate, and Indian Administrative Servi ...

's ''Anamath'' (column), Dr. M. S. Parameswaran Nair's ''Sastravum Sahityavum'' (essay), P. C. Sukumaran Nair's ''Roopangal Bhavangal'' (column), V. Subhadra's ''Kazhinja Azhcha'' (column),

R. Ramachandran Nair Ramakrishna Pillai Ramachandran Nair (born 23 April 1939) is a retired Indian Administrative Service officer from Kottayam district, Kottayam, Kerala, who served as District Collector (India), collector of Kannur district, Kannur and Kollam distri ...

's ''Thumbapookkal'' (poem), K. V. Dev's ''Malayalanadu'' (poem),

Sreekumaran Thampi Sreekumaran Thampi (born 16 March 1940) is an Indian lyricist, music director, film director, director, film producer, producer and screenwriter in Malayalam cinema. He also writes poetry and is a recipient of the Vallathol Award. In 2017, he w ...

's ''Minus x Minus = Plus'' (poem), Veeran's ''Balalokam'' (column), K. Balakrishnan's ''Apsarassukalum Bhadrakaliyum'' (essay), Thanthri's ''Pachuvum Kovalanum'' (column) and Cynic's film review on '' Hiroshima, Mon Amour''.

Growth and influence

Notable authors and works

At the time of ''Malayalanadus launch, ''

Mathrubhumi Illustrated Weekly ''Mathrubhumi Azhchappathippu'' () is an Indian general interest weekly magazine published by the Mathrubhumi Printing and Publishing Company in Kozhikode. The Malayalam language magazine started publishing on 18 January 1932.''Mathrubhumi Illus ...

'' was the leading literary magazine in Malayalam. According to writer Sethu, ''Mathrubhumi'' typically featured two stories in each issue, often reserving one for senior writers. This created an opportunity for ''Malayalanadu'' to attract young and aspiring writers. Senior figures like

and

P. Kesavadev P. Kesava Pillai (20 July 1904 – 1 July 1983), better known by his pen-name P. Kesavadev, was a novelist and social reformer of Kerala, India. He is remembered for his speeches, autobiographies, novels, dramas, short stories, and films. ''Oda ...

also contributed regularly to ''Malayalanadu'', which gave equal importance to both young and established writers. Among the young writers nurtured by ''Malayalanadu'' was

Padmarajan Padmarajan Padmanabhan Pillai, better known as P. Padmarajan (23 May 1945 – 23 January 1991) was an Indian film maker, screenwriter and author who was known for his works in Malayalam literature and Malayalam cinema. He was the founder of a ...

, who penned his second major story, ''Nee (Veendum) Nee Nee'', at the age of 23, following his debut with ''Lola Milford Enna American Penkidavu'' in ''Kaumudi Weekly''. Several of his stories, including ''Pukakkannada'', ''Pathayile Kattu'', ''Ore Chandran'', ''Vanitha'' and ''Choondal'', alongside the novelette ''Nanmakalude Suryan'' and novels such as ''Rithubhedangalude Parithoshikam'' and ''Udakappola'', were published in ''Malayalanadu''. ''Udakappola'', later adapted into the popular film ''

Thoovanathumbikal ''Thoovanathumbikal'' () or, Dragonflies in the Gentle Rain, is a 1987 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film written and directed by P. Padmarajan, based partly on his own novel ''Udakappola''. It revolves around Jayakrishnan (Mohanlal) ...

'', featured illustrations by the renowned film director

Bharathan Bharathan Parameshwara Menon Palissery (14 November 1946 – 30 July 1998) Known mononymously Bharathan was an Indian people, Indian film maker, artist, and art director. Bharathan is noted for being the founder of a new school of film ma ...

when it first appeared in ''Malayalanadu''. Additionally, artists like C. N. Karunakaran,

Artist Namboothiri Karuvattu Mana Vasudevan Namboothiri (13 September 1925 – 7 July 2023), better known as Artist Namboothiri or simply Namboothiri, was an Indian painter and sculptor, known for his line art and copper relief works. He illustrated for many Mal ...

M. V. Devan Madathil Vasudevan, popularly identified as M. V. Devan (15 January 1928 – 29 April 2014), was an Indian painter, sculptor, writer, art critic and orator. Besides his artistic works, he was also known for his architectural designs for a numbe ...

, A. C. K. Raja, and K. N. Damodaran frequently contributed illustrations to works published in ''Malayalanadu''. Sethu himself published stories like ''Satru'', ''Janab Kunhi Moosa Haji'', ''Rogikalude Desam'', and his second novel, ''Nananja Mannu'', in ''Malayalanadu''. Apart from ''Parankilamala'', which debuted in the inaugural issue of ''Malayalanadu'',

contributed his novels ''Orotha'', ''Adiyaravu'' and ''Ee Naykkalude Lokam'', alongside stories such as ''Thalamurayude Sabdam'', ''Kalam Ente Mathram'', ''Kuttabodham'', ''Sarangdharan'' and ''Cheytha Thettu'' to ''Malayalanadu''. Kakkanadan also was part of the editorial committee during 1971-73. Madhavikutty contributed several stories, including ''Chandrarasmikal'', ''Rohini'' and ''Madhaviyude Makal'' to ''Malayalanadu''. In a controversial 1971 article published in ''

The Illustrated Weekly of India ''The Illustrated Weekly of India'' was an English-language weekly newsmagazine publication in India. It started publication in 1880 (as ''Times of India'' Weekly Edition; later renamed as ''The Illustrated Weekly of India'' in 1923) and ceased ...

'', Madhavikutty reflected on her relationship with the editor of a Kerala weekly, referred to as 'K,' widely believed to be S. K. Nair. Madhavikutty's autobiography, ''

Ente Katha ''Ente Katha'' (''My Story'') is an autobiography written by Madhavikutty (Kamala Surayya) in the year 1973. She was motivated to write this as she became ill and thought will not survive. The book was controversial and outspoken and had her ...

'', debuted in the 1971 Onam special edition of ''Malayalanadu'', garnering significant attention and controversy. The autobiography's publication was halted amid the ensuing controversies, but ''Malayalanadu'' cited health reasons for Madhavikutty's temporary departure from writing and that she would resume writing at a later date. According to V. B. C. Nair, the publication of ''Ente Katha'' substantially increased ''Malayalanadus circulation from 30,000 to 80,000 copies within a fortnight. Madhavikutty originally wrote ''Ente Katha'' in English, with the translated version of the original appearing in ''Malayalanadu''. A revised English version was serialised in the Bombay-based ''The Current Weekly'', edited by Ayoob Syed, from January to December 1974. Madhavikutty continued her association with ''Malayalanadu'' by penning the autobiographical series ''Ente Lokam'', which commenced in 1976. However, a rift emerged between Madhavikutty and S. K. Nair following the publication of Pamman's ''Bhranthu'' in ''Malayalanadu''. Madhavikutty believed that the novel's main character, Ammukutty, was based on her persona and portrayed her in a vulgar manner.

O. V. Vijayan Ottupulackal Velukkuty Vijayan (2 July 1930 – 30 March 2005), commonly known as O. V. Vijayan, was an Indian author and cartoonist, who was an important figure in modern Malayalam language literature. Best known for his first novel '' Khasakk ...

also frequently wrote in ''Malayalanadu''. ''Dharmapuranam'' was serialised in the magazine. Although announced in July 1975, the novel wasn't published in ''Malayalanadu'' until the lifting of the emergency in 1977. It was published as a book only in 1985. ''Dharmapuranam'' stands as one of the most seminal political satires in Malayalam literature. Vijayan also wrote several short stories for ''Malayalanadu'', including ''Nidrayude Thazhvara'', ''Aalmaram'', ''Theeyathikal'', ''Neela Suryan'', ''Abhayam'', ''Kannukalikal'', ''Vridhayum Makanum Kazhuthayum'', ''Poovu'', ''Kattu Murkhan'', ''Desa Sneham'' and ''Poocha''.

, a member of the first editorial committee, had a brief tenure of six months on the editorial committee. However, he published several works in ''Malayalanadu''. According to Sreedharan, ''Malayalanadu'' filled the gap left by defunct publications such as ''

Malayala Rajyam ''Malayala Rajyam'' was a Malayalam-language newspaper founded by K. G. Shankar in 1929 in Quilon, Travancore. Its main aim was to support the Indian independence movement and the activities of Indian National Congress. It became a daily in 1931 ...

'' and Desabandhu. It was Sreedharan who introduced V. K. N. to S. K. Nair. V. K. N. subsequently authored several novels for ''Malayalanadu'', including ''Kunhan Menon'', ''Syndicate'', ''General Chathans'', ''Pithamahan II'', ''Anusmarana'' and ''Payyante First Lady''. ''Malayalanadu'' published the stories of all major short story writers of the time including

M. T. Vasudevan Nair Madath Thekkepaattu Vasudevan Narayanan Nair (15 July 1933 – 25 December 2024) was an Indian author, lecturer, Screenwriter, screenplay writer and film director. He was a prolific and versatile writer in modern Malayalam literature, and was o ...

and

Lalithambika Antharjanam Lalithambika Antharjanam (30 March 1909 – 6 February 1987) was an Indian author and social reformer best known for her literary works in the Malayalam language. She was influenced by the Indian independence movement and social reform movement ...

. It had poems by stalwarts like P. Kunhiraman Nair,

Balamani Amma Nalapat Balamani Amma (19 July 1909 – 29 September 2004) was an Indian poet who wrote in Malayalam. ''Amma'' (Mother), ''Muthassi'' (Grandmother), and ''Mazhuvinte Katha'' (The story of the Axe) are some of her well-known works. She ...

, M. Govindan,

Satchidanandan K. Satchidanandan (born 28 May 1946) is an Indian poet and critic, writing in Malayalam and English. A pioneer of modern poetry in Malayalam, a bilingual literary critic, playwright, editor, columnist and translator, he is the former editor of ...

Balachandran Chullikad Balachandran Chullikkad (born 30 July 1957) is an Indian poet, orator, lyricist and actor in Malayalam-language media. Early life Balachandran was born in Paravur, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. He completed his graduation in English literature fr ...

Kunjunni Mash Kunjunni (10 May 1927 - 26 March 2006), popularly known as Kunjunni Mash (''Mash'' is the Malayalam equivalent of teacher), was an Indian poet of Malayalam literature. Known for his short poems with a philosophical overtone, his works were popu ...

etc. It also carried translations from major writers such as

Jorge Luis Borges Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo ( ; ; 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator regarded as a key figure in Spanish literature, Spanish-language and international literatur ...

Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary criticism, literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th ...

Kahlil Gibran Gibran Khalil Gibran (January 6, 1883 – April 10, 1931), usually referred to in English as Kahlil Gibran, was a Lebanese-American writer, poet and Visual arts, visual artist; he was also considered a philosopher, although he himself reject ...

Vladimir Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky ( – 14 April 1930) was a Russian poet, playwright, artist, and actor. During his early, Russian Revolution, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky became renowned as a prominent figure of the Ru ...

, Pearl S. Buck,

Amrita Pritam Amrita Pritam (; 31 August 1919 – 31 October 2005) was an Indian novelist, essayist and poet, who wrote in Punjabi and Hindi. A prominent figure in Punjabi literature, she is the recipient of the 1956 Sahitya Akademi Award. Her body o ...

Robert Frost Robert Lee Frost (March26, 1874January29, 1963) was an American poet. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American Colloquialism, colloquial speech, Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural life in New E ...

Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Thakur (; anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore ; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengalis, Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter of the Bengal Renai ...

Robert Arthur Jr. Robert Arthur Jr. (November 10, 1909 – May 2, 1969) was an American writer and editor of crime fiction and speculative fiction known for his work with ''The Mysterious Traveler'' radio series and for writing ''The Three Investigators'', a se ...

Alexander Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin () was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.Basker, Michael. Pushkin and Romanticism. In Ferber, Michael, ed., ''A Companion to European Romanticism''. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. He is consid ...

Albert Camus Albert Camus ( ; ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, dramatist, journalist, world federalist, and political activist. He was the recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44, the s ...

and

Franz Kafka Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a novelist and writer from Prague who was Jewish, Austrian, and Czech and wrote in German. He is widely regarded as a major figure of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of Litera ...

Columns and features

M. Krishnan Nair's ''Sahitya Varaphalam'' stood out as the most popular feature in ''Malayalanadu''. This column appeared in every edition of ''Malayalanadu'', with just one exception when Krishnan Nair was unable to write due to illness. Recognised as the longest-running column in the history of Malayalam literature, ''Sahitya Varaphalam'' started in the first edition of ''Malayalanadu''. After the closure of ''Malayalanadu'', the column continued uninterrupted, moving to publications like ''

Kalakaumudi ''Kalakaumudi'' is an illustrated weekly news magazine published in Malayalam language from Kerala, India. It is printed in Thiruvananthapuram and distributed throughout Kerala by Kalakaumudi Publications Pvt. Ltd. ''Kalakaumudi'' was launche ...

'' and later to ''

Samakalika Malayalam Vaarika ''Samakalika Malayalam Vaarika'' is a Malayalam language newsweekly and website published by The Express Publications Madurai (P) Ltd, publisher of The New Indian Express daily. The publication, conceived as a newsweekly, is a leading voice in ...

''. ''Sahitya Varaphalam'' significantly contributed to the exposure of foreign authors and the enhancement of reading standards among Malayalee readers. V. B. C. Nair served on the editorial board of ''Malayalanadu'' for a long period. He wrote the column ''Poornatha Thedunna Apoorna Bindukkal'' for ''Malayalanadu'' and also contributed film reviews under the alias Mangalassery. One review, for the film ''Njan Njan Mathram'', sparked controversy when its writer

Thoppil Bhasi Thoppil Bhaskara Pillai, known as Thoppil Bhasi (8 April 1924 – 8 December 1992) was an Indian Malayalam-language playwright, screenwriter, and film director. He was associated with the communist movement in Kerala and his play ''Ningalenne C ...

penned a scathing letter to S. K. Nair, accusing Mangalassery of what is now termed '

review bombing A review bomb is a malicious Internet phenomenon in which a large number of people or a few people with multiple accounts post negative user reviews online in an attempt to harm the sales or popularity of a product, a service, or a business. Whil ...

'. Bhasi's letter, published in full in ''Malayalanadu'', alleged that Mangalassery accepted money from film producers to promote certain films and even reviewed films unreleased in India. Bhasi was also critical of Mangalassery's reviewing capabilities as well as ''Malayalanadus overall quality. However, several noted writers refuted Bhasi's arguments as a mere personal attack on the reviewer, and led to a series of subsequent issues addressing the controversy in detail. Similarly, a review of V. Rajakrishnan's book ''Rogathinte Pookkal'' also incited a prolonged argument that lasted six months. ''Ambalanadayil'' by Venni Vasupillai was another column that ran for several years, providing detailed insights into various famous temples of Kerala.

Special editions

''Malayalanadu'' also published special editions, with the first yearly special edition released in 1970 and edited by R. Nandakumar, who joined ''Malayalanadu'' as a replacement for

. This edition featured several renowned stories, including

's ''Sthalapuranam'',

's ''Pukakkannada'',

M. Mukundan Maniyambath Mukundan (born 10 September 1942) is an Indian author of Malayalam literature and a former diplomat. He worked as a cultural attaché at the Embassy of France in Delhi from 1961 to 2004, while concurrently working as an author. Many ...

's ''Mundanam Cheyyappetta Jeevitham'' and Zachariah's ''Prapanchathinte Avasishtangal''. The special edition included illustrations by C. N. Karunakaran.

Political alignment

S. K. Nair was associated with the Communist Party during his student days and maintained close ties with prominent figures such as

E. M. S. Namboodiripad Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998), popularly known as E.M.S. Namboodiripad or simply by his initials E. M. S., was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of ...

, K. R. Gouri Amma and

V. K. Krishna Menon Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon (3 May 1896 – 6 October 1974) was an Indian academic, independence activist, politician, lawyer, and statesman. During his time, Menon contributed to the Indian independence movement and India's foreign r ...

. In 1970, ''Malayalanadu'' published a comprehensive election survey for the

1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election Elections were held on 17 September 1970 to elect members of the fourth Niyamasabha. The United Front, led by CPI, IUML, RSP, and with the external support from INC, won plurality of seats and formed the government, with C. Achutha Menon as ...

. While foreign periodicals regularly featured such surveys, ''Malayalanadus initiative was pioneering in the Indian context. Although the magazine abstained from publishing editorials, it made an exception when Azhikodan Raghavan died in 1972, expressing profound grief and anger over his murder. The 18 June 1978 issue of ''Malayalanadu'' featured a compelling article advocating for the reunification of the communist parties. Additionally, the publication of ''Dharmapuranam'', an overtly critical work on the emergency, served as a strong political statement.

Sister publications

In addition to the main magazine, ''Malayalanadu'' also published a political weekly (''Malayalanadu Rashtreeya Varika''), a fortnightly film magazine (''Malayalanadu Cinema Dwaivarika'') and a women's magazine (''Madhuram''). S. K. Nair also owned New India Films, which produced notable movies such as ''

Chembarathi ''Chemparathy'' () is a 1972 Malayalam-language film directed by P. N. Menon and written by Malayattoor Ramakrishnan. It was produced by S. K. Nair (S. Krishnan Nair), a famous literary personality and the founder of '' Malayalanadu'' weekly. ...

'' (1972), Chayam (1973) and ''

Mazhakkaaru ''Mazhakaaru'' is a 1973 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by P. N. Menon and produced by S. K. Nair. The film stars Madhu, Kanakadurga, Roja Ramani (Sobhana) and KPAC Lalitha. It is based on the novel of the same name by G. Vivekananda ...

'' (1973). ''Malayalanadu'' organised awards for excellence in Malayalam literature and cinema. Winners were selected through gallup polls. The inaugural award ceremony took place on 24 May 1970, inaugurated by

, honouring the best literary works and films of 1969. The recipients included

for the best novel '' Kaalam'',

Kadathanat Madhavi Amma Kadathanat Madhavi Amma (15 June 1909 – 24 December 1999) was an Indian poet, novelist and short story writer of Malayalam literature. Known for poetry anthologies such as ''Kalyopaharam'' and ''Kanikkonna'', she was also the author of two wor ...

for the best poem ''Kanikkonna'',

for the best story ''Yudhavasanam'' and

N. N. Pillai N. N. Pillai (Narayana Pillai Narayana Pillai; 1918–1995) was an Indian playwright, actor, theatre director, orator, screenplay writer, lyricist and an I.N.A Freedom fighter. He served as Commanding Officer of Field Propaganda Unit under Su ...

for the best drama ''Meherbani''. The best film award was presented to ''

Adimakal ''Adimakal'' () is a 1969 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan and produced by M. O. Joseph. The film stars Sathyan, Prem Nazir, Sheela and Sharada. The film had musical score and songs composed by G. Devarajan. It ...

'', Sathyan received the award for best actor for his performance in ''

Kadalpalam ''Kadalpalam'' is a 1969 Malayalam language film directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan, written by K. T. Mohammed and produced by M. O. Joseph under Manjilas Films. The film stars Sathyan, Prem Nazir and Jayabharathi with Sheela, Bahadoor and Adoor ...

'', and

Sarada Sharada or Sarada (Sanskrit for "autumnal") may refer to: * the season spanning the months of Bhadrapada, Ashvin, and Kārtika of the traditional lunar Hindu calendar * Another name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati * Sharada script, abugida writing ...

was honoured with the best actress award for her role in ''

Mooladhanam ''Mooladhanam'' () is a 1969 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by P. Bhaskaran, written by Thoppil Bhasi and produced by M. Azim. The film stars Sathyan, Prem Nazir, Sharada and Jayabharathi in the lead roles. The film has musical score ...

''.

Decline

After S. K. Nair's death on 16 July 1983, ''Malayalanadu'' faced a period of decline. In his later years, Nair encountered financial challenges and incurred debts. Following his death, the magazine continued publication under the management of S. Ramachandran Pillai as the managing editor and S. K. Nair's wife, Prema K. Nair, as the editor. However, the publication struggled to sustain itself due to mounting debts. Consequently, Malayalanadu ceased publication by the end of 1984.

References

{{Malayalam journalism Literary magazines published in India Weekly magazines published in India Magazines established in 1969 Malayalam-language magazines 1969 establishments in India Defunct magazines published in India Magazines disestablished in 1984