The Malargüe Group is a
group
A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together.
Groups of people
* Cultural group, a group whose members share the same cultural identity
* Ethnic group, a group whose members share the same ethnic iden ...
of
geologic formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics ( lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exp ...
s of the
Neuquén Basin
Neuquén Basin () is a sedimentary basin covering most of Neuquén Province in Argentina. The basin originated in the Jurassic and developed through alternating continental and marine conditions well into the Tertiary. The basin bounds to the wes ...
of the
Mendoza,
Neuquén
Neuquén (; ) is the capital city of the Argentine province of Neuquén and of the Confluencia Department, located in the east of the province. It occupies a strip of land west of the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers which form t ...
,
Río Negro and
La Pampa Province
La Pampa () is a sparsely populated province of Argentina, located in the Pampas in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise San Luis, Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Río Negro, Neuquén and Mendoza.
History
In ...
s in northern
Patagonia
Patagonia () is a geographical region that includes parts of Argentina and Chile at the southern end of South America. The region includes the southern section of the Andes mountain chain with lakes, fjords, temperate rainforests, and glaciers ...
,
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
. The formations of the Malargüe Group range in age between the middle
Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
to
Deseadan
The Deseadan () age is a period of geologic time (29.0–21.0 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene to the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification of South America. It follows the Tingu ...
, an
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...
age of the
SALMA classification, straddling the
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) boundary, is a geological signature, usually a thin band of rock containing much more iridium than other bands. The K–Pg boundary marks the end o ...
, about 79 million to 30 million years in age. The group overlies the older
Neuquén Group, separated by an unconformity dated to 79 Ma.
[Leanza et al., 2004, p.63] The rocks of the Malargüe Group comprise both marine and continental deposits which are over 400 m (1312 ft) thick in total.
Subdivision
The Malargüe Group is subdivided into:
*
Agua de la Piedra Formation
The Agua de la Piedra Formation (FAP, Spanish names include ''Estratos de Agua de la Piedra'' and ''Complejo Volcano-sedimentario del Terciario inferior'')Combina et al., 1994, p.418 is a Late Oligocene (Deseadan in the South American land mammal ...
(
Deseadan
The Deseadan () age is a period of geologic time (29.0–21.0 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene to the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification of South America. It follows the Tingu ...
) - white-grayish
tuff
Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. Following ejection and deposition, the ash is lithified into a solid rock. Rock that contains greater than 75% ash is considered tuff, while rock co ...
s and tobaceous
paleosol
In Earth science, geoscience, paleosol (''palaeosol'' in Great Britain and Australia) is an ancient soil that formed in the past. The definition of the term in geology and paleontology is slightly different from its use in soil science.
In geo ...
s
[Agua de la Piedra Formation]
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
History
Fossilworks was cr ...
.org
*
Roca Formation (Maastrichtian to Danian) - coastal mudstones and sandstones
[Roca Formation]
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
History
Fossilworks was cr ...
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*
Jagüel Formation (middle Maastrichtian to Danian) - shallow marine
mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from ''shale'' by its lack of fissility.Blatt, H., and R.J. Tracy, 1996, ''Petrology.'' New York, New York, ...
s
[Jagüel Formation]
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
History
Fossilworks was cr ...
.org
*
Loncoche Formation (late Campanian to early Maastrichtian) - terrestrial
conglomerates and
sandstone
Sandstone is a Clastic rock#Sedimentary clastic rocks, clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of grain size, sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate mineral, silicate grains, Cementation (geology), cemented together by another mineral. Sand ...
s,
delta plain sandstones and
limestone
Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...
s
[Loncoche Formation]
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
History
Fossilworks was cr ...
.org
*
Allen Formation
The Allen Formation is a geological formation in Argentina whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian.Salgado et al., 2007 Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the forma ...
(middle Campanian to early
Maastrichtian
The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (s ...
) -
eolian sandstone
Sandstone is a Clastic rock#Sedimentary clastic rocks, clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of grain size, sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate mineral, silicate grains, Cementation (geology), cemented together by another mineral. Sand ...
s and
fluvio-
lacustrine
A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from t ...
mudstones and
limestone
Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...
s
Fossil content
Fossils of
dinosaurs
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic Geological period, period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the #Evolutio ...
,
plesiosaurs
The Plesiosauria or plesiosaurs are an Order (biology), order or clade of extinct Mesozoic marine reptiles, belonging to the Sauropterygia.
Plesiosaurs first appeared in the latest Triassic Period (geology), Period, possibly in the Rhaetian st ...
,
turtle
Turtles are reptiles of the order (biology), order Testudines, characterized by a special turtle shell, shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Crypt ...
s (''
Euclastes'',
[''Euclastes'']
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
History
Fossilworks was cr ...
.org ''
Mendozachelys wichmanni''),
[De la Fuente et al., 2017] ''
Paleoanculosa sp.'',
[Previtera & González Riga, 2008] fish
A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...
,
[Gónzalez Riga, 1999] bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...
s (''
cf. Andrewsornis sp.'')
[ and ]mammals
A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle e ...
have been recovered from the strata that make up the Malargüe Group.[Weishampel et al., 2004]
;Mammals of the Agua de la Piedra Formation
'' Archaeohyrax suniensis'', '' Argyrohyrax proavus'', '' Asmodeus petrasnerus'', '' Fieratherium sorex'', '' Gualta cuyana'', '' Hegetotheriopsis sulcatus'', '' Mendozahippus fierensis'', '' Meteutatus aff. lagenaformis'', '' Proborhyaena gigantea'', '' Prohegetotherium malalhuense'', '' P. schiaffinoi'', '' P. cf. sculptum'', '' Propachyrucos cf. smithwoodwardi'', '' ?Prozaedyus aff. impressus'', '' Pyrotherium romeroi'', '' Stenotatus aff. ornatus'', '' Trachytherus cf. spegazzinianus'', '' cf. Archaeotypotherium sp.'', '' Pharsophorus sp.'', '' Proadinotherium sp.'', '' Progaleopithecus sp.'', '' cf. Prosotherium sp.'', Acaremyidae indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Interatheriidae indet., Litopterna indet., ?Megalonychidae indet., Notohippidae indet., Toxodontidae indet.[Quebrada Fiera]
at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
History
Fossilworks was cr ...
.org[Cerdeño & Reguero, 2015][Seoane & Cerdeño, 2014][Cerdeño & Vera, 2014]
See also
* List of fossil sites
This list of fossil sites is a worldwide list of localities known well for the presence of fossils. Some entries in this list are notable for a single, unique find, while others are notable for the large number of fossils found there. Many of ...
* Santa Lucía Formation
The Santa Lucía Formation is a Maastrichtian to Paleocene (Danian) geologic Formation (geology), formation in Bolivia. Fossil ornithopod tracks have been reported from the Cretaceous lower part of the formation.Weishampel, et al., 2004, pp.517-607 ...
, Maastrichtian to Danian (Tiupampan
The Tiupampan () age is a period of geologic time (64.5–62.5 Ma) within the Paleocene epoch of the Paleogene
The Paleogene Period ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from th ...
) fossiliferous formation of the Potosí Basin, Bolivia
* Yacoraite Formation, Maastrichtian to Danian fossiliferous formation of the Salta Basin
* Lopez de Bertodano Formation, Maastrichtian to Danian fossiliferous formation of northern Antarctica
References
Bibliography
;Cretaceous
*
*
*
*
*
;Paleogene
*
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malargue Group
Geologic formations of Argentina
Upper Cretaceous Series of South America
Paleocene Series of South America
Oligocene Series of South America
Sandstone groups
Mudstone groups
Conglomerate groups
Limestone groups
Tuff groups
Fluvial deposits
Deltaic deposits
Lacustrine deposits
Aeolian deposits
Shallow marine deposits
Geology of La Pampa Province
Geology of Mendoza Province
Geology of Neuquén Province
Geology of Río Negro Province