
Maksim Haretski (18 February 1893 – 10 February 1938; be, Максі́м Іва́навіч Гарэ́цкі, russian: Макси́м Ива́нович Горе́цкий), also known as Maksim Harecki and Maksim Goretsky, was a
Belarusian prose writer, journalist, activist of the
Belarusian national renewal, folklorist, lexicographer, and professor.
Maksim Harecki was also known by his pen-names ''Maksim Biełarus, M.B. Biełarus, M.H., A. Mścisłaŭski, Dzied Kuźma, Maciej Myška,'' and ''Mizeryjus Monus''. In his works he often appeared as ''Kuźma Batura, Liavon Zaduma.''
Maksim Harecki was born in village of
Małaja Bahaćkaŭka in a peasant's family. He had two brothers – Haŭryła and Ivan.
In 1913 Harecki graduated from a college in
Hory-Horki, and in 1916 from a military college in
Petrograd
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. During the
First World War he served in the Russian Army. He was wounded on October 25, 1914, and had to recover in the military hospitals of
Vilnia
The Vilnia (also ''Vilnelė''; , ''Vilnia'' ; ) is a river in Lithuania. Its source is near the village of Vindžiūnai, 5 km south of Šumskas, at the Lithuanian-Belarusian border. The Vilnia is 79.6 km long and its basin covers 624&n ...
,
Moscow and
Mahilioŭ
Mogilev (russian: Могилёв, Mogilyov, ; yi, מאָלעוו, Molev, ) or Mahilyow ( be, Магілёў, Mahilioŭ, ) is a city in eastern Belarus, on the Dnieper River, about from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and from the bor ...
. After that, he continued to serve in the army until 1917 when he got very ill and was sent to Zheleznovodsk to recover and then left the army.
Later on, Harecki moved to
Smolensk and studied in the Archaeological University there. At that time he started to work for local newspapers. Soon he moved to
Minsk and in January 1919 to
Vilnia
The Vilnia (also ''Vilnelė''; , ''Vilnia'' ; ) is a river in Lithuania. Its source is near the village of Vindžiūnai, 5 km south of Šumskas, at the Lithuanian-Belarusian border. The Vilnia is 79.6 km long and its basin covers 624&n ...
, where he began working in the
Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia
The Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia ( be, Віленская беларуская гімназія) was an important Belarusian school in Vilnius. Many notable Belarusian cultural figures of the 20th century graduated from the school.
History
The ...
and some newspapers.
In 1919 he married Leaniła Čarniaŭskaja in Vilnia. His wife worked as a teacher in the
Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia
The Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia ( be, Віленская беларуская гімназія) was an important Belarusian school in Vilnius. Many notable Belarusian cultural figures of the 20th century graduated from the school.
History
The ...
. They had a son Leanid who died in the battle of Leningrad. Also, they had a daughter, Halina.
In January 1922 Harecki was arrested by Polish authorities as a political criminal and was put into the infamous
Łukiszki prison in
Vilnia
The Vilnia (also ''Vilnelė''; , ''Vilnia'' ; ) is a river in Lithuania. Its source is near the village of Vindžiūnai, 5 km south of Šumskas, at the Lithuanian-Belarusian border. The Vilnia is 79.6 km long and its basin covers 624&n ...
. Following mass protests of the Belarusian minority, he was released and sent to Soviet-controlled
East Belarus. There he worked as a language and literature professor at some universities. He was a member of the
Inbelkult.
In 1929, along with other
Belarusian
Belarusian may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Belarus
* Belarusians, people from Belarus, or of Belarusian descent
* A citizen of Belarus, see Demographics of Belarus
* Belarusian language
* Belarusian culture
* Belarusian cuisine
* Byelor ...
activists, Harecki became a target of a defamation campaign in the Soviet state media. He was arrested by the Soviets in July 1930 and accused of being a member of the Belarusian Liberation Union, a separatist organization. In April–May 1931 he was sentenced to five years of prison in
Viatka. During this time Harecki wrote a lot of literature works. On November 4, 1937, he was arrested again and later on shot in the
Great Purge. He was rehabilitated in 1957.
Today Maksim Harecki is considered a classic of
Belarusian literature
Belarusian literature ( be, Беларуская лiтаратура, Biełaruskaja litaratura) is the writing produced, both prose and poetry, by speakers (not necessarily native speakers) of the Belarusian language.
History
Pre-17th century ...
. His books were translated into
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
,
Russian,
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
, and
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
.
References
External links
Maksim Harecki: biography in the Belarusian Electronic Encyclopedia
Some works by Maksim Harecki
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haretski, Maksim
1893 births
1938 deaths
People from Mstsislaw District
People from Mstislavsky Uyezd
Belarusian writers
Belarusian-language writers
Soviet literary historians
Soviet male writers
20th-century male writers
Russian military personnel of World War I
Belarusian people of World War I
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
Prisoners and detainees of Poland
Belarusian prisoners and detainees
Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus
Great Purge victims from Belarus
Soviet rehabilitations