The Makaa–Njem languages are a group of
Bantu language
The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and Southeast Africa. They form the largest branch of the Southern Bantoid languages.
The t ...
s spoken in
Cameroon, the
Central African Republic,
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea ( es, Guinea Ecuatorial; french: Guinée équatoriale; pt, Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea ( es, link=no, República de Guinea Ecuatorial, french: link=no, République de Guinée équatoria ...
,
Gabon and the
Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...
. They are coded
Zone A.80 in
Guthrie's classification.
According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), adding the Kako languages (Guthrie's A.90) forms a valid node, called Pomo–Bomwali (Kairn Klieman 1997).
Languages
Kako
The Guthrie Kako (A.90) languages are:
*
Kwakum
Kwakum (ISO wu is classified as belonging to the Bantu subgroup A90 (Kaka) of the Zone “A” Bantu languages, and specifically labelled A91 by Guthrie. According to one of the newest updates to the Bantu classification system, other languages b ...
*
Pol
*
Pomo-Kweso (Pomo, Kweso)
*
Kako.
Makaa–Njem
The Guthrie Makaa–Njem (A.80) languages are:
Maho (2009) adds
Shiwe (Oshieba) of central Gabon.
''
Glottolog
''Glottolog'' is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, developed and maintained first at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany (between 2015 and 2020 at the Max Planck Institute for ...
'' classifies the languages as follows:
* Makaa–Kako (A.80-90) languages:
**
Kako (or Mkako, Nkoxo, Dikaka, Yaka)
**
Kwakum (or Kpakum, Pakum, Bakum, Abakum, Abakoum, Akpwakum)
**
Pol (or Pol, Pori, Pul) (''Azom'', ''Polri Kinda'')
** Pomo-Kweso (''Pomo'', ''Kweso'')
** Makaa–Njem (A.80) languages
***
Bomwali (or Bomali, Boumoali, Bumali, Lino, Sangasanga)
***
Yambe
*** Mpoic languages:
****
Mpongmpong (or Mpumpong, Pongpong, Mpompo, Mpopo, Mbombo, Bombo)
****
Bekwil (or Bekwie, Bekwel, Bakwil, Bakwele, Okpele)
**** Njemic languages:
*****
Koonzime (or Kooncimo, Koozhime, Koozime, Nzime)
*****
Njyem (or Nyem, Njem, Ndjem, Ndjeme, Ndzem, Ngyeme, Djem, Dzem)
**** Mpiemo–Ukhwejo languages:
*****
Mpiemo (or Mpyemo, Mbyemo, Mbimou, Mbimu, Bimu, Mpo)
*****
Ukhwejo (or Benkonjo)
*** Western A80 languages:
**** Mvumboic languages:
***** Gyele (or Guiele, Giele, Gieli, Gyeli, Bogyeli, Bondjiel, Bajeli, Babinga, Bakola, Bakuele, Bekoe, Likoya)
*****
Kwasio (or Kwassio, Bisio, Bissio, Bisiwo, Bujeba, Mabi, Mabea, Ngumba, Mgoumba, Ngoumba, Mvumbo)
*****
Shiwe (or Shiwa, Chiwa, Oshieba, Ossyeba)
**** Makaaic languages:
*****
Byep-Besep (or North Makaa) (''Byep'', ''Besep'')
*****
Makaa (or South Makaa)
*****
Kol (or Bikele-Bikay, Bikele-Bikeng, Bikélé, and Bekol)
*****
So (or Sso, Swo, Shwo, Fo)
Notes
References
*
*Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005). ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'', 15th ed. Dallas: SIL International. Retrieved 7 June 2006.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Makaa-Njem languages
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