Major-General George R Pearkes Building
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The Major-General George R. Pearkes Building (often abbreviated as just Pearkes, ) is an office building located downtown
Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...
,
Ontario Ontario is the southernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Located in Central Canada, Ontario is the Population of Canada by province and territory, country's most populous province. As of the 2021 Canadian census, it ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
. It is the principal location of Canada's
National Defence Headquarters National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) ( French: ''Quartiers généraux de la Défense nationale'' (''QGDN'')) was created through the integration of the Canadian Armed Forces Headquarters (CAF HQ) with the civilian Department of National Defence ...
(NDHQ); while NDHQ comprises a collection of offices spread across the National Capital Region, the Pearkes Building is its primary base. Located at 101
Colonel By Drive Colonel By Drive () is an long scenic parkway in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Route description The parkway runs along the Rideau Canal from the end of Sussex Drive (Ottawa), Sussex Drive at Rideau Street (Ottawa), Rideau Street. It then continu ...
, it is often referred to as '101 Col By'. As of 2022, the building is occupied by senior defence and military staff, procurement and policy officials, intelligence specialists, legal affairs and staff involved in infrastructure.


History

The building, named after Major-General George R. Pearkes, was constructed between 1969 and 1974, and was originally intended for use by the
Department of Transport A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government a ...
. When a planned National Defence Headquarters complex on the LeBreton Flats was not built, however, DND acquired the Colonel By Drive structure. In 1972, the Department of Transportation moved into
Place de Ville Place de Ville is a complex of office towers in downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It consists of four office buildings: Place de Ville A, B, and C; and the 'Podium' building, which houses a shuttered "piggy-back" cinema enveloped with function ...
's newly completed Tower C. The concept for the group of buildings was developed by French town planner
Jacques Gréber Jacques-Henri-Auguste Gréber (10 September 1882 – 5 June 1962) was a French architect specializing in landscape architecture and urban design. He was a strong proponent of the Beaux-Arts style and a contributor to the City Beautiful movement ...
immediately after
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
at the invitation of Prime Minister
William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian statesman and politician who was the tenth prime minister of Canada for three non-consecutive terms from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. A Liberal ...
. Gréber, a proponent of boulevards and highways as opposed to rail corridors, advised that the city redevelop the east bank of the
Rideau Canal The Rideau Canal is a 202-kilometre long canal that links the Ottawa River at Ottawa with the Cataraqui River and Lake Ontario at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Its 46 Lock (water navigation), locks raise boats from the Ottawa River 83 metres (272 ...
which was, at that time, covered with
railway Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in railway track, tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel railway track, rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of ...
tracks leading to
Ottawa Union Station The Senate of Canada Building () is a government building and former railway station that serves as the temporary seat of the Senate of Canada. Located at 2 Rideau Street in downtown Ottawa, it was known as Ottawa Union Station and served as the ...
. This design was accomplished with the removal of the station tracks and relocation of passenger rail service to a new suburban station; the Ottawa Union Station building has since become the
Government Conference Centre The Senate of Canada Building () is a government building and former railway station that serves as the temporary seat of the Senate of Canada. Located at 2 Rideau Street in downtown Ottawa, it was known as Ottawa Union Station and served as th ...
. The remaining land that contained the coach yard for Ottawa Union Station was vacant and ready for developments that would contain the Pearkes Building and the Rideau Centre. Architects John C. Parkin, Searle, Wilby, and Rowland designed the buildings in the then-popular
Brutalist style Brutalist architecture is an architectural style that emerged during the 1950s in the United Kingdom, among the reconstruction projects of the post-war era. Brutalist buildings are characterised by minimalist constructions that showcase the ba ...
. They were conceived as the first phase of the planned redevelopment, the
Rideau Centre The Rideau Centre () (corporately styled as CF Rideau Centre) is a three-level shopping centre on Rideau Street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It borders on Rideau Street, the ByWard Market, the Rideau Canal, the Mackenzie King Bridge, and N ...
, which opened in 1983, being the second phase.


Relocation

The Pearkes Building underwent extensive renovations from the mid-1990s as each floor was gutted to replace the hodge podge of outdated offices and furnishings dating to the building's opening in 1974. Modular office furnishings produced by CORCAN (constructed in Canadian prisons) were installed. By the mid-2000s it became apparent that the NDHQ complex at the Pearkes Building was overcrowded, forcing DND to spread some headquarters staff across the National Capital Region. Sizeable NDHQ offices have been established in the past, or are still currently located in, Place Export Canada, the
Constitution Building The Constitution Building is an eleven-story office building in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Located at 305 Rideau Street at the corner of King Edward, the building was used by the Department of National Defence (DND). As of 2015, the building has be ...
, l'Esplanade Laurier, Louis St Laurent Building (
Gatineau, Quebec Gatineau ( ; ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also par ...
) and the Berger Building, among others. Cutbacks among high-technology companies in the Ottawa region led DND to consider buying a surplus
JDS Uniphase JDS Uniphase Corporation (JDSU) was an American company that designed and manufactured products for optical communications networks, communications test and measurement equipment, lasers, optical solutions for authentication and decorative applica ...
campus in suburban
Barrhaven Barrhaven is a suburb of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located about southwest of the city's downtown core. Prior to amalgamation with Ottawa in 2001, Barrhaven was part of the City of Nepean. Its population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 10 ...
at the intersection of Merivale Road and Prince of Wales Drive, west of the
Ottawa International Airport Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...
. JDS's former Barrhaven campus comprises two large buildings with extensive computer networking capacity, and was advertised for sale at a fraction of its construction cost. The location was perceived to be far more secure, being set back from public roads, with ample parking and transit connections for the several thousand employees it was designed to support. The
Royal Canadian Mounted Police The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP; , GRC) is the Law enforcement in Canada, national police service of Canada. The RCMP is an agency of the Government of Canada; it also provides police services under contract to 11 Provinces and terri ...
now occupy this property. As of 2017, DND was in the process of relocating some of their personnel to the former
Nortel Nortel Networks Corporation (Nortel), formerly Northern Telecom Limited, was a Canadian Multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications and data networking equipment manufacturer headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario. It was founded in ...
R&D facility at
Carling Campus National Defence Headquarters Carling, or NDHQ Carling (originally Carling Campus), is a site containing Government of Canada, federal government buildings near the Crystal Bay area in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The campus, located a ...
. However, DND dismissed rumours that other federal government agencies would occupy the Pearkes building; it will still be used by DND staff. The reported relocation of additional DND personnel to NDHQ Carling was expected to be complete by 2028. By January 2022, the Pearkes building was half-empty, despite plans to have all staff relocated to NDHQ Carling for renovations to start, which would require four years to complete. In August 2023, a new operational headquarters facility is planned for construction at
NDHQ Carling National Defence Headquarters Carling, or NDHQ Carling (originally Carling Campus), is a site containing Government of Canada, federal government buildings near the Crystal Bay area in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The campus, located a ...
with contracts finalized by 2025, which would eventually allow for the eventual vacating of 101 Colonel By Drive by 2035.


References

{{coord, 45.423339, -75.68924, type:landmark_region:CA, display=title Federal government buildings in Ottawa Military installations of Canada Brutalist architecture in Canada 1974 establishments in Ontario Office buildings in Ottawa Department of National Defence (Canada)