Mahmoud Ezzat Ibrahim (; also sometimes spelled "Mahmoud Izzat"; born 13 August 1944) is the former acting general guide of the

Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt In Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood ( ''jamāʿat /al-ikhwan/el-ekhwan al-muslimīn'', ) is a Sunni Islamist religious, political, and social movement,Eric Trager,The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood", ''Foreign Affairs'', September October 2011, p. ...

and one of the most prominent leaders of the

Muslim Brotherhood The Society of the Muslim Brothers ('' ''), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( ', is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar, Imam and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings s ...

. Historian Fawaz Gerges describes his role as "akin to

chief of staff The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization such as the armed forces, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supportin ...

of the Ikhwan uslim Brotherhood"

Personal life

Ezzat was born on 13 August 1944, in

Zagazig Zagazig (, , ) is a city in Egypt. Situated in the eastern part of the Nile delta, it is the capital of the governorate of Sharqia. It is located on the Muweis Canal and is a hub of the corn and cotton trade. There is a museum, the Museum of ...

Sharqia Governorate Sharqia (, , ; ) is the third most populous of the 27 governorates of Egypt. Located in the northern part of the country, its capital is the city of Zagazig. Overview Bilbeis is the former capital of Sharqia. A section of the governorate once ...

. He is a member of the group's counseling office, and a professor at the Faculty of Medicine at

Zagazig University Zagazig University () is a public university located in the city of Zagazig, Egypt. History Zagazig University began as a branch of Ain Shams University in 1970. On April 14, 1974, it gained independence through a decree, becoming a stand ...

. He is married to the daughter of former supreme guide Mahdi Akef and has five children with her.

Education

*Finished high school in 1960. *He received his Bachelor of Medicine in 1975. *And Masters in 1980. *And Ph.D. in 1985 from Zagazig University. *Obtained a diploma from the Institute of Islamic Studies in 1998 *And a license to recite Quran from the Recitation Institute in 1999.

Early Muslim Brotherhood links

He got acquainted with the

as a boy in 1953. He enrolled in the (Brotherhood) class in 1962 and was one of the disciples of

Sayyid Qutb Sayyid Ibrahim Husayn Shadhili Qutb (9 October 190629 August 1966) was an Egyptian political theorist and revolutionary who was a leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood. As the author of 24 books, with around 30 books unpublished for differe ...

. He was a student in the Faculty of Medicine when he was arrested in 1965. He was sentenced to ten years and was released in 1974. He was a fourth year student at the time. He completed his studies and graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in 1976, and his connection to the advocacy work in Egypt - especially with the well educated students - remained until he went to work in

Sanaa University Sana'a University ( ) was established in 1970 as the first and the primary university in the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen), now the Republic of Yemen (see also Aden University). It is located in Sanaa, the capital of Yemen, and is currently o ...

in the laboratory department in 1981, and then traveled to

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

to complete his doctoral thesis. He then returned to Egypt and obtained his doctorate from

in 1985. He was chosen as a member of the Guidance Office in 1981.

Imprisonment

* He was arrested in 1965 and spent nine years in prison. * He was arrested in May 1993 pending investigation into the Brotherhood case known as the Salsabeel case. * In 1995, he was imprisoned for being a leader of an illegal organization. * He was arrested on 2 January 2009, for participating in a demonstration in the center of

Cairo Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ...

protesting against the Israeli attack on the Gaza Strip.الشرطة بمصر تقبض على أعضاء في جماعة الإخوان قبل احتجاجات غزة

Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide writing in 16 languages. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency ...

* On 28 August 2020, Ezzat was arrested during an apartment raid in Cairo, and was succeeded by Ibrahim Munir as the acting general guide of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. * On 8 April 2021, he was convicted on "terror" charges, and sentenced to

life in prison Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment under which the convicted individual is to remain incarcerated for the rest of their natural life (or until pardoned or commuted to a fixed term). Crimes that result in life imprisonment are co ...

Scientific Interests

*Much research and activity in the field of hospital infection resistance in

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

and

Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...

. *Much research into epidemic diseases in Egypt, such as

meningitis Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasion ...

and

cholera Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...

. *Advocacy interests in the field of education, students, public work,

human rights Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered ...

, and medical charitable work. *Vice Chairman of the board of directors of the Islamic Medical Association.

Appointment as Acting Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood

After the arrest of

Mohammed Badie Mohammed Badie ( ', ; born 7 August 1943) is the eighth Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood. He has been heading the Egyptian branch of the international Muslim Brotherhood organization since 2010. Before becoming the general guide, Badie ...

on 20 August 2013, the

appointed Mahmoud Ezzat as the acting guide.

Judgments in absentia

Mahmoud Ezzat was issued a number of judgments in absentia in several cases: * On 19 December 2021, Egypt's State Security Assize Court upheld the death sentence on the former acting Muslim Brotherhood Supreme Leader. He was charged with "foreign intelligence" and "acts of terrorism and sabotage". * The case of the "Al-Sharainah cell in Minya": The Minya Criminal Court ruled, on 18 August 2020, that the deputy guide of

Mahmoud Ezzat and seven others were sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia for "inciting violence and inciting riots" and "possessing publications that would incite disturbing public opinion." * Prison break case: On June 16, 2015, the Cairo Criminal Court issued a judgment in absentia to execute Mahmoud Ezzat and 92 others, accused of escaping from

Wadi el-Natrun Prison Wadi el-Natrun Prison () is an Egyptian prison complex in the Beheira Governorate, north of Cairo. It consists of two separate facilities 5 kilometers apart.Ali Abdel MohsenLocal recounts prisoners' tales of forced escape from Wadi al-Natroun 3 Ma ...

after breaking out of the prison in 2011. * The "Guidance Office Events" case: He was sentenced to life imprisonment. * Communication case: The Criminal Court of

Nasr City Nasr City ( ) forms two of the nine districts of the Eastern Area of Cairo, Egypt. It is administratively divided into Nasr City West/One ''(Gharb Madinet Nasr/awwal),'' and Nasr City East/Two (''Sharq Madinet Nasr/thani''). In 2021, Nasr C ...

, in absentia, sentenced Mahmoud Ezzat to death for accusing him of communicating with

Hamas The Islamic Resistance Movement, abbreviated Hamas (the Arabic acronym from ), is a Palestinian nationalist Sunni Islam, Sunni Islamism, Islamist political organisation with a military wing, the Qassam Brigades. It has Gaza Strip under Hama ...

References

External links

الأمين العام لجماعة الإخوان المسلمين في حوارٍ صريحٍ جدًّا
� إخوان أون لاين, 23 أكتوبر 2007م

Bela Hodod,

Al Jazeera Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN; , ) is a private-media conglomerate headquartered in Wadi Al Sail, Doha, funded in part by the government of Qatar. The network's flagship channels include Al Jazeera Arabic and Al Jazeera English, which pro ...

, 16 December 2009 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ezzat, Mahmoud 1944 births Egyptian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leaders Living people People from Zagazig Zagazig University alumni Egyptian infectious disease physicians Egyptian politicians convicted of crimes Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Egypt 20th-century Egyptian politicians 21st-century Egyptian politicians 20th-century Egyptian physicians 21st-century Egyptian physicians