Maginus

Giovanni Antonio Magini (in Latin, Maginus) (13 June 1555 – 11 February 1617) was an Italian astronomer, astrologer, cartographer, and mathematician.

His Life

He was born in Padua, and completed studies in philosophy in Bologna in 1579. His father was Pasquale Magini, a citizen of Padua. Dedicating himself to astronomy, in 1582 he wrote ''Ephemerides coelestium motuum'', translated into Italian the following year.

In 1588 he was chosen over Galileo Galilei to occupy the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna after the death of Egnatio Danti. He died in Bologna on 11 February 1617.

His work

Magini supported a geocentric system of the world, in preference to Copernicus's heliocentric system. Magini devised his own planetary theory, in preference to other existing ones. The Maginian System consisted of eleven rotating spheres, which he described in his ''Novæ cœlestium orbium theoricæ congruentes cum observationibus N. Copernici'' (Venice, 1589).

In his ''De Planis Triangulis'' (1592), he described the use of quadrants in surveying and astronomy. In 1592 Magini published ''Tabula tetragonica'', and in 1606 devised extremely accurate trigonometric tables. He also worked on the geometry of the sphere and applications of trigonometry, for which he invented calculating devices. He also worked on the problem of mirrors and published on the theory of concave spherical mirrors.

He also published a commentary on Ptolemy’s ''Geographia'' (Venice, 1596).

As a cartographer, his life's work was the preparation of ''Italia'' or the ''Atlante geografico d'Italia'' (Geographic Atlas of Italy), printed posthumously by Magini's son in 1620. This was intended to include maps of every Italian region with exact nomenclature and historical notes. A major project, its production (begun in 1594) proved expensive and Magini assumed various additional posts in order to fund it, including becoming tutor in mathematics to the sons of Vincenzo I of Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, a major patron of the arts and sciences. He also served as court astrologer. The Duke of Mantua, to whom the atlas is dedicated, assisted him with this project and allowed for maps of the various states of Italy to be brought to Magini. The governments of Messina and Genoa also assisted Magini financially in this project. Magini did not do any of the mapping himself.

He was also interested in pursuits which today would be considered pseudoscientific. A strong supporter of astrology, he defended its use in medicine in his ''De astrologica ratione'' (Venice, 1607). Magini collaborated closely with Valentine Naibod, and in this book he published ''De annui temporis mensura in Directionibus'' and '' De Directionibus'' from Naibod's unfinished manuscript '' Claudii Ptolemaei Quadripartitae Constructionis Apotelesmata Commentarius novus et Eiusdem Conversio nova''. He was also interested in metoposcopy.

He corresponded with Tycho Brahe, Clavius, Abraham Ortelius, and Johann Kepler. His correspondence was edited in 1886 by Antonio Favaro. Magini was an early critic of Galileo's 1610 identification of the Galilean moons of Jupiter and lunar mountains.Bucciantini, Massimo; Camerota, Michele; Giudice, Franco (2015). ''Galileo's Telescope - A European Story Il telescopio di Galileo: Una storia europea.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. . pp 89–101 Magini's one-time secretary, Martin Horký, published an aggressively anti-Galilean pamphlet in 1610, though Magini cut ties with Horký shortly before it was published.

The lunar crater Maginus is named after him.

A UK Software company takes their name from the Maginus crater named in his honour.

Works

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Ptolemy's Geographia editions

Magini is well known for his reduced size edition of Ptolemy's ''Geographia'' published in Italian as "Geografia cioe Descrittione Universale della Terra"
* 1596 Venice. Latin text. Printer Heredes Simoni Galignani. 64 copper-plate maps.
* 1597 Cologne. Latin text. Printer Petrus Keschedt. 64 copper-plate maps.
* 1598 Venice. Italian text. Printer Gio. Battista & Giorgio Galignani Fratelli. Artist Girolamo Porro. 64 copper-plate maps.Map: ''Palaestina, vel Terra Sancta''
From the "Geography" of Claudius Ptolemy, edited by Magini and printed in 1598 Venice, at Google Books
* 1608 Cologne. Latin text. Printer Antonius Becker. 63 copper-plate maps.
* 1617 Arnheim. Latin text. Printer Ioannes Ianssonius. 64 copper-plate maps.
* 1621 Padua. Italian text. Printer Paolo and Francesco Galignani. 64 copper-plate maps.

Gallery

File:Giovanni Antonio Magini. Moscoviae Imperivm. 1608.jpg
File:05 - Ducato Di Urbino, 1620 - Giovanni Antonio Magini.jpg
File:Romagna olim Flaminia.jpg

References

Bibliography

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Mille Anni di Scienza in Italia, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, Italy, retrieved 2014-02-05.
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External links

The Correspondence of Giovanni Antonio Magini
i
EMLO

Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries
High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Giovanni Antonio Magini in .jpg and .tiff format.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Magini, Giovanni Antonio
1555 births
1617 deaths
Italian astrologers
16th-century astrologers
17th-century astrologers
17th-century Italian astronomers
Scientists from Padua
16th-century Italian astronomers
16th-century Italian mathematicians
17th-century Italian mathematicians