Madugula
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Madugula is a village in
Anakapalli district Anakapalli district is a district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was formed on 4 April 2022 from Anakapalli and Narsipatnam revenue divisions of the old Visakhapatnam district. The administrative headquarters are at Anakapalli. San ...
in the state of
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919, ISO: , , AP) is a States and union territories of India, state on the East Coast of India, east coast of southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, seventh-largest state and th ...
in
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. It was also known as Vaddadi or Vaddadimadugula and was founded by the rulers of the Matsya dynasty. Later, it merged into the kingdom of Nandapur–Jeypore and during the
British Raj The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule ...
it remained an independent
Zamindar A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semi-autonomous feudal lord of a ''zamindari'' (feudal estate). The term itself came into use during the Mughal Empire, when Persian was the official language; ''zamindar'' is the ...
i for sometime. Later, in 1915 the zamindaris of Madugula and
Pachipenta Pachipenta is a village in Vizianagaram district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Pachipenta mandal. History Pachipenta gained sudden significance in the later medieval history of Kalinga (historical region), Kalinga unde ...
were purchased by Maharaja Vikram Dev III and they became a part of Jeypore Samasthanam and were governed by the Maharaja of Jeypore until 1947.


History

The rulers of the Matsya dynasty were the southernmost vassals of the
Eastern Ganga dynasty The Eastern Ganga dynasty (also known as Purba Gangas, Rudhi Gangas or Prachya Gangas) were a large medieval era Indian royal Hindu dynasty that reigned from Kalinga from as early as the 5th century to the mid 20th century. Eastern Gangas rul ...
that ruled over Kalinga from 5th century - 15th century and the capital of the Matsya kings was known as 'Vaddadi' derived from the word 'Odda-Adi' which meant the beginning of Odra desh (country of
Odia people The Odia (), formerly spelled Oriya, are an Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Indian state of Odisha who speak the Odia language. They constitute a majority in the eastern coastal state, with significant min ...
). Later, it was changed to 'Vaddadimadugula' and in modern age it got divided into two villages within the radius of 11 km known as Waddadi and Madugula. The most valorous king of the dynasty was Narasimhavardhana Arjun Deva who inherited the kingdom from his father Jayanta Deva Raju in the late 13th century. The Dribbida copperplate grant donated by Narasimhavardhana illustrates the origin of the Matsya dynasty of Vaddadi. The first name mentioned in the Dribbida copperplate is of his grandfather, Manikaditya Raju followed by the name of his father, Jayanta Deva Raju. Narasimhavardhana Arjun Deva was succeeded by his son Sri Krishnavardhana Jayanta Raju who is known for donating the two villages of Gudisingaram and Gotlam to the temple of
Simhachalam Sri Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam, is a Hindu temple situated on the Simhachalam Hill Range,which is 300 metres above the sea level in the city of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is dedicated to Vishnu, Lord Vishnu, who ...
. He ruled for a long period and was succeeded by his son Veer Arjuna Deva in the mid-14th century, who was a feudatory of the Ganga king, Narasimha Deva III. Initially, Veer Arjun formed an alliance with the
Reddy Reddy (also Hunterian transliteration, transliterated as Reddi or Raddi; also known as Reddiar or Reddappa) is a Telugu people, Telugu Hindu Caste system in India, caste predominantly found in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in Sou ...
chiefs of
Rajahmundry Rajahmundry ( ), officially Rajamahendravaram, is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and district headquarters of East Godavari district. It is the fifth most populated city in the state. During British rule, the district of Rajahmu ...
in order to free his kingdom from the suzerainty of the Gangas who were defeated by
Firuz Shah Tughlaq Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1309 – 20 September 1388), also known as Firuz III, was Sultan of Delhi from 1351 until his death in 1388. He succeeded his cousin Muhammad bin Tughlaq following the latter's death at Thatta, Sindh. His father was ...
in 1361. However, this attempt went to vain as he died in 1381 and was succeeded by his son, Pratap Arjuna. The Anaparti and Gopavaram copperplate grants suggest that Kumaragiri Reddy regained his suzerainty over Rajahmundry in 1389 and invaded
Cuttack Cuttack (, or officially Kataka in Odia language, Odia ), is the former capital, deputy capital and the 2nd largest city of the Indian state of Odisha. It is also the headquarters of the Cuttack district. The name of the city is an anglicised f ...
with his able general Katayavema who defeated the Ganga ruler, Narasimha Deva IV and assumed the title of ''Kataka-Churakara'' meaning - the destroyer of Cuttack. This indicates that Vaddadi slipped away from the Eastern Ganga kingdom for sometime but later in 1424 the last Ganga king, Bhanudeva IV sent his able general and minister,
Kapilendra Deva Kapilendra Deva (died 1467) was the founder of the Suryavamsa Gajapati dynasty that ruled parts of eastern and southern India with present-day Odisha as the center of the kingdom. He ascended to the throne after staging a military coup agains ...
who defeated and drove out the Reddys to as far as Rajahmundry. Evidently, Pratap Arjuna sent his army to help the Gangas. Pratap Arjuna had a son named Jayanta Deva Raju II whose daughter Singamma was married to the Silavanshi king, Vishwanath Raj of the neighboring Nandapur kingdom. There are two inscriptions dated 4 and 8 July 1427 that records the marriage of Singamma to Vishwanath Raj of Nandapur. This was believed to be a crucial matrimonial alliance between the families of Matsya and Silavansh. The son of Jayanta Deva Raju II was Singharaju who was a contemporary of Pratap Ganga Raj of Nandapur. In 1443, Pratap Ganga Raj was succeeded by his son-in-law Vinayak Dev who was a junior prince of a small kingdom ruled by Suryavanshi kings in North Kashmir. In a turn of events, Vinayak Dev migrated to
Varanasi Varanasi (, also Benares, Banaras ) or Kashi, is a city on the Ganges river in northern India that has a central place in the traditions of pilgrimage, death, and mourning in the Hindu world.* * * * The city has a syncretic tradition of I ...
and then to Nandapur, where he married Lilavati, the only daughter of Pratap Ganga Raj. Evidently, he inherited the kingdom from his father-in-law and faced rebellion from other Silavanshi claimants. As a result, he was ousted and later helped by the Matsya king, Singharaju who helped him curb the rebellion and reclaim the kingdom of Nandapur. Singharaju was succeeded by his son Vallabhadeva Raju who performed the famous
Agnistoma In Hinduism, ''Yajna'' or ''Yagna'' (, ɐd͡ʒɲə ) also known as Hawan, is a ritual done in front of a sacred fire, often with mantras. Yajna has been a Vedic tradition, described in a layer of Vedic literature called Brahmanas, as well a ...
sacrifice on the bank of Danta near Duttada and constructed the temple of Lord Vallabharaya. He donated a village called
Annavaram Annavaram is a village in the Kakinada district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, renowned for its religious and cultural significance. The village is best known for the Sri Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Swamy Temple, dedicated to Lord Sat ...
for the service of Lord Vallabharaya and was succeeded by his son Pratap Sri Ganga Raju. This king ruled as vassal of
Prataparudra Deva Prataparudra Deva (Odia language, Odia: ଗଜପତି ପ୍ରତାପରୁଦ୍ର ଦେବ) was the third Gajapati (title), Gajapati emperor of Odisha from the Suryavamsa Gajapati Empire founded by his grandfather Kapilendradeva, Kapi ...
and later his son Veer Pratap Singharaju served under the same Gajapati. In later years, after the collapse of the
Gajapati Empire The Gajapati Empire was a Medieval India, medieval Hindu monarchy in the Indian subcontinent, Indian subcontinent, originally from the region of Odisha that reigned from c.1434 to 1541. It succeeded the Eastern Ganga dynasty, Eastern Gangas as ...
in the mid 16th century, the king of Nandapur -
Vishwanath Dev Gajapati Vishwanath Dev Gajapati was the king of Jeypore who established a kingdom in the region of southern Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh. The Silavamsa king Pratap Ganga Raja died without any male heir, only leaving behind his wife and daughter Lil ...
conquered the former territories of the Gajapatis from
Bengal Bengal ( ) is a Historical geography, historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the Eastern South Asia, eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. The region of Benga ...
in North to
Telangana Telangana is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated in the Southern India, south-central part of the Indian subcontinent on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, ele ...
in south. This was a period when the Matsya kingdom of Vaddadi or Madugula became vassals of Nandapur and later the
kingdom of Jeypore Jeypore Estate or Jeypore Zamindari was a Zamindari estate of the Madras Presidency and later of Orissa Province in British India. Historically it was a kingdom known as Jeypore Kingdom, located in the highlands of the western interiors of the ...
.


Matsya Dynasty of Vadaddi


Geography

Madugula is located at . It has an average elevation of 83 meters (275 feet). The place is surrounded by hills, river streams and paddy fields. It is largely inhabited by
Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of South India ** Telugu literature, is the body of works written in the Telugu language. * Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Tel ...
speaking populace and has an old palace of the Matsya dynasty. The Endrikaparvatam meaning the 'Crab Hill' is the seventh highest peak of Andhra Pradesh with an elevation of 1568 metres above sea-level. A historic river called 'Matsyakunda' originates from the hills of Madugula and then turn westwards into
Odisha Odisha (), formerly Orissa (List of renamed places in India, the official name until 2011), is a States and union territories of India, state located in East India, Eastern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by ar ...
to the erstwhile kingdom of Jeypore. It has a historical significance as it used to flow from the Matsya kingdom to the neighbouring kingdom of the Silavanshis and later Suryavanshis. In the later medieval period, the name of the river changed from Matsyakunda to Machkunda. The river flows as a boundary between Andhra Pradesh and Odisha for almost fifty miles and then completely into Malkangiri. The famous Duduma Waterfalls named after a legendary Rani Duduma is formed in the Machkund river and three kilometres away from these waterfalls is a popular tourist spot called ''Matsya Tirth.'' The waterfalls of river Machkund are used for generating electricity under the banner of "Machkund Hydroelectric Project".


Legislative Assembly

Madugula is an assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh. There are 1,70,350 registered voters in Madugula constituency in 2014 elections. List of Elected Members:Election Commission of India.A.P.Assembly results.1978-2004
*1952 - Bajinki Gangayya Naidu (Krishikar Lok Party - Madras presidency) * 1955 - Donda Sreerama Murty (Vaddadhi) *1968 - Maharani Rama Kumari Devi (Jeypore-Madugula royal family) *1972 - boddu kalavathi * 1978 - Kuracha Ramunaidu (Appalarajupuram) * 1983, 1985, 1989, 1994 and 1999 - Reddi Satyanarayana (Gogada) * 2004 - Karanam Dharmasri (K.J.puram) * 2009 - Gavireddi Ramu Naidu (Appalarajupuram) * 2014 - BUDI. MUTYALA NAIDU (Taruva (v)) •2019 - BUDI. MUTYALA NAIDU (Taruva (v))


References

{{Anakapalli district Villages in Anakapalli district