Madhushala
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''Madhushala'' () (The Tavern/The House of Wine) is a book of 135 "
quatrain A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four Line (poetry), lines. Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India ...
s": verses of four lines (
Ruba'i A ''rubāʿī'' (, from Arabic ; plural: ) or ''chahārgāna(e)'' () is a poem or a verse of a poem in Persian poetry (or its derivative in English and other languages) in the form of a quatrain, consisting of four lines (four hemistichs). ...
) by
Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
poet and writer
Harivansh Rai Bachchan Harivansh Rai Bachchan (; 27 November 1907 18 January 2003) was an Indian poet and writer of the Nayi Kavita literary movement (romantic upsurge) of early 20th century Hindi literature. He was also a poet of the Hindi Kavi Sammelan. He is be ...
(1907–2003). The highly metaphorical work is still celebrated for its deeply
Vedantic ''Vedanta'' (; , ), also known as ''Uttara Mīmāṃsā'', is one of the six orthodox ( ''āstika'') traditions of Hindu philosophy and textual exegesis. The word ''Vedanta'' means 'conclusion of the Vedas', and encompasses the ideas that e ...
and
Sufi Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...
incantations and philosophical undertones and is an important work in the
Chhayavaad Chhayavad (ISO: ) refers to the era of mystical-romanticism in Hindi literature, particularly poetry, spanning approximately from mid-1910s to early-1940s. It emerged as a reaction to the didacticism of its previous poetic movement - the Dwive ...
(Neo-romanticism) literary movement of early 20th century
Hindi literature Hindi literature () includes literature in the various Central Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Hindi, some of which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa such as Awad ...
. All the ''rubaaiaa'' (the plural for ''rubaai'') end in the word ''madhushala''. The poet tries to explain the complexity of life with his four instruments, which appear in almost every verse: ''madhu'', ''madira'' or ''haala'' (wine), ''saaki'' (server), ''pyaala'' (cup or glass) and of course ''madhushala'', ''madiralaya'' (pub/bar). The publication of the work in 1935 brought Harivanshrai Bachchan instant fame, and his own recitation of the poems became a "craze" at poetry symposiums. ''Madhushala'' was part of his
trilogy A trilogy is a set of three distinct works that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, and video games. Three-part works that are considered components of ...
inspired by
Omar Khayyam Ghiyāth al-Dīn Abū al-Fatḥ ʿUmar ibn Ibrāhīm Nīshābūrī (18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) (Persian language, Persian: غیاث الدین ابوالفتح عمر بن ابراهیم خیام نیشابورﻯ), commonly known as Omar ...
's '' Rubaiyat'', which he had earlier translated into Hindi. The other titles in the trilogy were ''Madhubala (मधुबाला)'' (1936) and ''Madhukalash मधुकलश)'' (1937).


Madhushala in Media

A recording of selected Rubaai from Madhushala was released by
His Master's Voice His Master's Voice is an entertainment trademark featuring a dog named Nipper, curiously peering into the horn of a wind-up gramophone. Painted by Francis Barraud in 1898, the image has since become a global symbol used across consumer elect ...
, where twenty stanzas were chosen and sung by
Manna Dey Prabodh Chandra Dey (; 1 May 1919 − 24 October 2013), known by his stage name Manna Dey, was an Indian playback singer, music director, and musician. He had a classical music background, being part of the Bhendibazaar gharana, Bhendibazaar Gh ...
, while the first one was sung by Bachchan himself. The music was composed by
Jaidev Jaidev (3 August 1918 – 6 January 1987; born Jaidev Verma) was a music composer in Hindi films, most known for his work in films: '' Hum Dono'' (1961), '' Reshma Aur Shera'' (1971), '' Prem Parbat'' (1973), '' Gharaonda'' (1977) and '' Ga ...
. His son, actor
Amitabh Bachchan Amitabh Bachchan (; 11 October 1942) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi cinema. He is often considered one of the greatest, most accomplished and commercially successful actors in the history of Indian cinema.* * * * * With a cinemati ...
, has read the verses on several occasions, most notably at Lincoln Center, New York City. The text has also been choreographed for stage performances.


Example Text from the Poem

This is the famous 50th stanza of the poem:


Text

* ''मधु'' शाला . * ''Madhushala'' by Harivansh Rai Bachchan. Penguin Books, 1990. . * ''Madhushala'' by Harivansh Rai Bachchan, in German, Draupadi-Verlag, Heidelberg (Germany), 2009. {{ISBN, 978-3-937603-40-7.


References


मधुशाला का मूल पाठ
(विकीस्रोत पर)
हरिवंश राय बच्चन
(विकीस्रोत पर)


External links


मधुशाला की पूरी कविता एक स्थान पे

Madhushala at Kavita Kosh
Hindi poetry collections 1935 poems Indian poetry collections Music based on poems 1935 in India