Maculinea Teleius

The scarce large blue (''Phengaris teleius'') is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, northern Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, and Ukraine and East across the Palearctic to Japan. The species was first described by Johann Andreas Benignus Bergsträsser in 1779.

Biology

The larva of this species first feeds on ''Sanguisorba officinalis'' (great burnet), then moves onto ant nests and is a predator of the ant brood. ''Myrmica rubra'' and ''Myrmica scabrinodis'' have been reported as frequent host ant species. A recent microhabitat preference study indicates that grazing is necessary for maintaining the present distribution and abundance of these butterflies.

Description from Seitz

''L. euphemus'' Hbn. (= diomedes Rott.) (83 a), Male above almost entirely blue, but not shining; the
margins, the discocellular spot of the forewing and commonly some small spots on the disc black; female much blacker, often a little paler on the disc, this lighter area bearing rows of black spots. Underside with very numerous ocelli, which are rarely as large and conspicuous as in our figure of the underside. The species is at once distinguished from the very similar ''arion'' by the underside not bearing an ocellus in the cell proximally to the discocellular spot. Throughout Europe (with the exception of England) and the adjacent districts of Asia, from North Germany and Russia to Italy, and from Paris to Dauria. — Near the North- Western boundary there occur especially small individuals (of the size of ''icarus''), which have but few ocelli; these are ab. ''paula'' Schultz. In ab. ''obsoleta'' Gillm. the ocelli of the hindwing are entirely absent or almost, while in ab. ''striata'' Gillm. they are modified into streaks. — ''obscurata'' Stgr. (83 b) is a strongly darkened form from Central Asia (also already in the Ural) — ''euphemia'' Stgr. (83 b) is much larger than European specimens, with a broad block border which sharply contrasts with the light blue; from Amurland. North China and Corea. — ''kazamoto'' Druce (83 b), from Japan, is above uniformly black-brown above in both sexes, without any trace of blue, and the underside is more strongly ocellate. — Egg semiglobular with the top sunk in, greenish white, laid on ''Sanguisorba'' (usually on the inflorescence). The young larva purplish brown with black head and pale segmental incisions; it bores into the heads of the plant and lives later on in the seed-pods; it hibernates. Pupa on the ground, under stones, clods of earth, and the dead leaves of the food-plant. The butterflies are sporadic, their localities being widely dispersed. They fly in damp meadows where ''Sanguisorba'' grows, being here usually very abundant. They settle almost exclusively on Sanguisorba: when disturbed they fly mostly only as far as the nearest cluster of that plant, where they settle on a flower with the wings always closed, their flight being rather slow and flapping. In July and August.Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, ''Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter'', 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren)

Subspecies

There are six subspecies.
*''P. t. teleius'' central Europe, Caucasus and western Siberia
*''P. t. chosensis'' (Matsumura, 1927) southern Ussuri
*''P. t. euphemia'' (Staudinger, 1887) Amur Oblast, Ussuri
*''P. t. obscurata'' (Staudinger, 1892) Transbaikalia
*''P. t. sinalcon'' Murayama, 1992 northern China
*''P. t. splendens'' (Kozhantshikov, 1924) Altai mountains, Sayan Mountains

Sources

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q1340609

Phengaris
Butterflies of Europe
Butterflies of Japan
Butterflies described in 1779
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot