Macronus Gularis

The pin-striped tit-babbler (''Mixornis gularis''), also known as the yellow-breasted babbler, is a species of bird in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae that is found in South and Southeast Asia.

Taxonomy and systematics

The pin-striped tit-babbler was formally described in 1822 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield based on a specimen collected in Sumatra. He coined the binomial name ''Timalia gularis''. The pin-striped tit-babbler was formerly placed in the genus '' Macronus'' but based on the results of a large molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019, the species was moved to the genus '' Mixornis'' that had been introduced in 1842 by the English zoologist Edward Blyth. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ''mixis'' meaning "mixed" or "mingling" with ''ornis'' meaning "bird". The specific epithet ''gularis'' is Modern Latin meaning "-throated". The pin-striped tit-babbler belongs within a clade that includes the genera '' Dumetia'' and '' Timalia''.

The species has also been split following a study by Nigel Collar to distinguish the morphologically distinct Bornean and Javan populations, which have since been renamed the bold-striped tit-babbler (''Mixornis bornensis''), from the rest of the pin-striped tit-babbler species complex.

The following 13 subspecies are recognized:
* ''M. g. rubicapilla'' ( Tickell, 1833) – Nepal, Bhutan and northeast India to Bangladesh and east-central India
* ''M. g. ticehursti'' Stresemann, 1940 – west Myanmar
* ''M. g. sulphureus'' (Rippon, 1900) – eastern Myanmar, west Thailand and southwest Yunnan (south China)
* ''M. g. lutescens'' Delacour, 1926 – southeast Yunnan (south China), north, northeast Thailand and north Indochina
* ''M. g. kinneari'' Delacour & Jabouille, 1924 – central Vietnam
* ''M. g. saraburiensis'' ( Deignan, 1956) – east-central Thailand and west Cambodia
* ''M. g. versuricola'' Oberholser, 1922 – east Cambodia and south Vietnam
* ''M. g. condorensis'' Robinson, 1921 – Con Son Island (off south Vietnam)
* ''M. g. connectens'' ( Kloss, 1918) – Tenasserim (southeast Myanmar), coastal Gulf of Thailand to central Malay Peninsula (includes ''chersonesophilus'')
* ''M. g. archipelagicus'' Oberholser, 1922 – Mergui Archipelago (off southwest Myanmar)
* ''M. g. inveteratus'' Oberholser, 1922 – coastal islands off southeast Thailand and Cambodia
* ''M. g. gularis'' ( Horsfield, 1822) – south Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banyak Islands (west of north Sumatra) and Batu Islands (west of central Sumatra)
* ''M. g. woodi'' Sharpe, 1877 – Palawan group (southwest Philippines)

Description

The species has a distinctive yellowish supercilium and rufous crown. The throat is yellowish with brown streaks. Call is a loud repeated ''chonk-chonk-chonk-chonk-chonk'' somewhat reminiscent of a common tailorbird.

They forage in small flocks and creep and clamber in low vegetation. They breed in the pre-monsoon season from February to July and build a loose ball shaped nest made from grasses and leaves.

Distribution

The species is widely distributed and is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.

In India, there are disjunct populations in southern India. This population was recorded by Salim Ali (ornithologist), Salim Ali from Antharasanthe near the Kabini reservoir. There were no records of the species from this area after the initial collection. The southern population was rediscovered from the Masinagudi area in Mudumalai National Park, Mudumalai in 2004.

Other populations are found in the northern Eastern Ghats.

References

Mixornis, pin-striped tit-babbler
Birds of Nepal
Birds of India
Birds of Eastern Himalaya
Birds of Bangladesh
Birds of Yunnan
Birds of Southeast Asia
Birds of Palawan
Birds described in 1822, pin-striped tit-babbler

{{Timaliidae-stub