Maarten Buysman, also spelt Buijsman (1856 –1919), was a Dutch

botanist Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...

, known for growing, cultivating, and selling plants from across Europe, the Americas, and Indonesia. He also introduced a significant number of plants from the Americas and Europe to

East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...

Botanical career

Buysman founded a botanical garden in the Dutch city of

Middelburg Middelburg may refer to: Places and jurisdictions Europe * Middelburg, Zeeland, the capital city of the province of Zeeland, southwestern Netherlands ** Roman Catholic Diocese of Middelburg, a former Catholic diocese with its see in the Zeeland ...

, called the ''Hortus Plantarum Diaphoricarum'' or, in English, the ''Garden of Diverse Plants''. This garden was run as a business, rather than as a tourist attraction. Buysman cultivated and sold plant specimens grown in the garden, under the title Herbarium Analyticum. To acquire plants which he then cultivated and went on to sell, Buysman relied on an international network of collectors from whom he received plant material from around the globe. In 1906-1907, Buysman moved to the colonial Dutch East Indies, where he was employed at the ''Hotel Nongkodjadjar'' in the

Pasuruan Regency Pasuruan Regency () is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency in East Java, a province of Indonesia. The capital of this regency is Bangil. The regency covers an area of 1,474.02 km2, and it had a population of 1,512,468 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat ...

. There, he set up an experimental garden, and continued to cultivate plants he received from foreign collectors. According to the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction, Buysman focused on growing plants at Nongkodjadjar that were hitherto unknown to the region, and appears to have been the source of some foreign species introduced to Indonesia, such as '' Cecropia pachystachya'', ''

Salvia tiliifolia ''Salvia tiliifolia'' (lindenleaf sage or Tarahumara chia) is a vigorous, herbaceous annual in the family Lamiaceae that is native to Central America. As a pioneer of abused areas, the plant has spread in modern times into: South America, as far ...

'', '' Cenchrus tribuloides'', ''

Elymus repens ''Elymus repens'', commonly known as couch grass, is a very common perennial species of grass native to most of Europe, Asia, the Arctic, and northwest Africa. It has been brought into other mild northern climates for forage or erosion control, b ...

'', ''

Bromus sterilis ''Bromus sterilis'' is an Annual plant, annual or Biennial plant, biennial species of Bromus, bromegrass known as barren brome, poverty brome, and sterile brome. Description This is an Annual plant, annual or Biennial plant, biennial grass ran ...

'', and ''

Bromus erectus ''Bromus erectus'', commonly known as erect brome, upright brome or meadow brome, is a dense, course, tufted perennial grass. It can grow to . Like many brome grasses the plant is hairy. The specific epithet ''erectus'' is Latin, meaning "erect" ...

'', although not all of these species have persisted. Backer also ascribed the presence of non-native plants when he visited Nongkodjadjar in 1925, such as ''

'', '' Calyptocarpus vialis'', '' Melampodium perfoliatum'', and '' Marsypianthes chamaedrys'' to Buysman's acclimation activities. He continued to exchange seed with other collectors, as well as selling plants to overseas buyers. He issued at least one catalogue of the plants available from the Nongkodjadjar garden in 1916. Although Buysman never named any plant species himself, he collected the holotypes of ''

Crepidium tenggerense ''Crepidium'', commonly known as 沼兰属 (zhao lan shu) or spur orchids is a genus of about three hundred species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are evergreen, mostly terrestrial plants with short stems lying on the ...

'' (J.J.Sm.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, ''

Hoya tenggerensis Hoya may refer to: Places *Hoya, Germany, a city in Lower Saxony, Germany *County of Hoya, a former state in present Germany *Hōya, Tokyo, now incorporated within Nishi-tokyo, Tokyo, Japan * Hoya, Hpruso, a place in Hpruso Township, Kayah, Myanma ...

'' Bakh.f., ''

Pogostemon hortensis ''Pogostemon'' is a large genus from the family Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1815. It is native to warmer parts of Asia, Africa, and Australia. The best known member of this genus is patchouli, ''Pogostemon cablin'', widely cultivate ...

'' Backer ex Adelb., and ''

Pseudophegopteris tenggerensis ''Phegopteris'' is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Phegopteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). They are known collectively as the beech ferns. Species are native to Asia, North ...

'' Holttum, While nothing remains of the nursery in Nongkojajar today, botanical specimens collected and distributed by Buysman are held in herbaria across the globe, including the

National Herbarium of Victoria The National Herbarium of Victoria (Index Herbariorum code: MEL) is one of Australia's earliest herbaria and the oldest scientific institution in Victoria. Its 1.56 million specimens of preserved plants, fungi and algae—collectively known ...

, the

National Herbarium of New South Wales The National Herbarium of New South Wales was established in 1853. The Herbarium has a collection of more than 1.4 million plant specimens, making it the second largest collection of pressed, dried plant specimens in Australia,Thiers, B. ...

, the Herbarium of the

University of Coimbra The University of Coimbra (UC; , ) is a Public university, public research university in Coimbra, Portugal. First established in Lisbon in 1290, it went through a number of relocations until moving permanently to Coimbra in 1537. The university ...

Harvard University Herbaria The Harvard University Herbaria and Botanical Museum are institutions located on the grounds of Harvard University at 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Botanical Museum is one of three which comprise the Harvard Museum of Natura ...

Brown University Brown University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is the List of colonial colleges, seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the US, founded in 1764 as the ' ...

herbarium, the

Natural History Museum, London The Natural History Museum in London is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history. It is one of three major museums on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, the others being the Science Museum (Lo ...

, and the herbarium at

Kew Gardens Kew Gardens is a botanical garden, botanic garden in southwest London that houses the "largest and most diverse botany, botanical and mycology, mycological collections in the world". Founded in 1759, from the exotic garden at Kew Park, its li ...

Etymological legacy

Along with better-known botanical interests, he observed and collected insects, particularly wasps, around Lawang.

Evelyn Cheesman Lucy Evelyn Cheesman (8 October 1881 – 15 April 1969) was a British entomologist and traveller. Between 1924 and 1952, Cheesman went on eight solo expeditions in the South Pacific, and collected over 70,000 specimens, which she accompanied ...

examined a parasitic wasp collected by Buysman, and named the genus Buysmania in his honour.

Publications

* M. Buijsman. 1883
De oorzaken van het klimaat in het algemeen en de klimaatsverandering in Europa in het bijzonder.
''Album der natuur.'' 32(1): 49- 60. * M. Buysman. 1884
Het verschil tusschen kusten- en continentaal klimaat met betrekking tot den plantengroei.
''Album der natuur.'' 33(1), 346–354. * M. Buijsman. 1898
Erythroxylon coca Lam.
''Album der Natuur.'' 47(1), 249-253. * M. Buysman. 1899
Ipecacuanha.
''Album der natuur.'' 48(1), 121–125. * M. Buysman. 1899
Caoutchouc.
''Album der natuur.'' 48(1), 249–252. * M. Buysman. 1899
Zingiber officinale Roscoe.
''Album der natuur.'' 48(1), 318–320. * M. Buysman. 1912
Botanischer Garten in Nongko Djadjar bei Lassang (Ost -Java)
''Flora oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung'' 104(4): 384-386. * M. Buysman. 1912
Kultuurproeven met exotische planten.
''Teysmannia.'' 13: 176-179. * M. Buysman. 1916
Thunbergia gibsoni S. Moore.
''De Tropische Natuur.'' 5(9), 134–136.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buysman, Maarten 1856 births 1919 deaths Dutch people of the Dutch East Indies 19th-century Dutch botanists 20th-century Dutch botanists 20th-century Dutch naturalists Plant collectors People from Zaanstad