Ma Hualong () (died March 2, 1871), was the fifth leader (, ''jiaozhu'') of the
Jahriyya
Jahriyya (also spelled Jahrīya or Jahriyah) is a '' menhuan'' ( Sufi order) in China, commonly called the New Teaching (''Xinjiao''). Founded in the 1760s by Ma Mingxin, it was active in the late 18th and 19th centuries in what was then Gansu Pr ...
, a
Sufi order
A ''tariqa'' () is a religious order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking , which translates as "ultimate truth".
A tariqa has a (guide) who plays the r ...
(''
menhuan
''Menhuan'' ( zh, s=门宦, t=門宦, p=Ménhuàn) is a term used by the Hui and Uyghur Muslim populations of China to indicate a Chinese Ṣūfī '' ṭarīḳa'' ("order" or "saintly lineage"). The leaders of a ''menhuan'', which usually a ...
'') in northwestern China.
[Dillon (1999), pp. 124–126]
From the beginning of the anti-
Qing
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...
Muslim Rebellion in 1862, and until his surrender and death in 1871, he was one of the main leaders of the rebellion.
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]
Biography
Ma Hualong became the leader of the Jahriyya ca. 1849,[ succeeding the '']menhuan
''Menhuan'' ( zh, s=门宦, t=門宦, p=Ménhuàn) is a term used by the Hui and Uyghur Muslim populations of China to indicate a Chinese Ṣūfī '' ṭarīḳa'' ("order" or "saintly lineage"). The leaders of a ''menhuan'', which usually a ...
s fourth ''shaykh'', Ma Yide (late 1770s – 1849). Although the Jahriyya had been originally created by Ma Mingxin
Ma Mingxin (1719–1781) () was a Chinese Sufi master, the founder of the Jahriyya ''menhuan'' (Naqshbandi Sufi order).