MV Brisbane Star

MV ''Brisbane Star'' was a British refrigerated cargo liner. She was built by Cammell Laird and Co in 1936–37 as one of Blue Star Line's -class ships, designed to ship frozen meat from Australia and New Zealand to the United Kingdom. The ship served in the World War II, Second World War and is distinguished for her role in Operation Pedestal to relieve the Siege of Malta (World War II), siege of Malta in August 1942. She was owned by a succession of Blue Star-controlled companies until 1963, when she was sold to a Liberian-registered company who renamed her ''Enea''. Later that same year she was scrapped in Japan.

Building

Cammell Laird and Co in Birkenhead, England built the sister ships and ''Brisbane Star'' and launched them on the same day, 7 July 1936. ''Melbourne Star'' was completed in November 1936, followed by ''Brisbane Star'' in January 1937. Both ships were initially owned by Union Cold Storage, a ship-owning company controlled by Blue Star Line.

The ''Imperial Star'' class were motor ships. ''Melbourne Star'' and ''Brisbane Star'' each had a pair of 10-cylinder Two-stroke diesel engine, two-stroke Single- and double-acting cylinders, single-acting Sulzer (manufacturer), Sulzer Bros Marine propulsion#Reciprocating, marine Diesel engines driving twin Propeller, screws. ''Brisbane Star''s engines developed a total of 2,806 Horsepower#Nominal horsepower, HP. Her navigation equipment included wireless direction finding, an echo sounding device and a gyrocompass.

Second World War service

''Brisbane Star''s regular cargo liner route was from London ''via'' Union of South Africa, South Africa to Australia or New Zealand, returning by the same route laden with frozen meat. ''En route'' she tended to call at either Las Palmas or Cape Verde, presumably for Fuel oil#Bunker fuel, bunkering.

During the war it was strategically important to continue meat imports to the UK. However, under wartime conditions ''Brisbane Star''s route was increasingly changed. After Battle of France#Armistice, France surrendered to Germany in June 1940 the Port of London became too dangerous, so instead the ship used Port of Liverpool, Liverpool or sometimes Avonmouth or Newport, Wales. From 1940 her voyages home from Australia or New Zealand tended to be eastward ''via'' the Pacific Ocean and Panama Canal instead of westward ''via'' the Indian Ocean, South Africa and the South Atlantic.

At times the ''Brisbane Star'' was taken off her usual service to support operations in the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean. Blue Star also had a regular trade importing frozen meat to the UK from South America, where ''Brisbane Star'' five times from 1941 to 1944. In 1941 she also made one visit to Mumbai Harbour, Bombay and two to Colombo Harbour, Colombo.

As she was a fast merchant ship ''Brisbane Star'' was left to make most of her wartime voyages unescorted. The few exceptions were mostly in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and sometimes outbound convoys from the UK from which she would either detach in mid-Atlantic or continue as far as Freetown in Sierra Leone.

Middle East and Greece

At the end of August 1940 ''Brisbane Star'' was diverted to support Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II, Allied operations in the Middle East. She was a member of List of Allied convoy codes during World War II#A, Convoy AP 3/1, which left Liverpool on 10 September and reached Suez on 22 October. But on 1 November, British and British Empire, Empire forces had landed on Crete to support the Greek war effort, and on 5 November ''Brisbane Star'' came north through the Suez Canal and called at Port Said. Her destination was Souda Bay in Crete, where she arrived the next day under naval escort. She stayed until 14 November, when she returned under naval escort to Port Said.

Operation Pedestal

On 31 July 1942 ''Brisbane Star'' entered the Firth of Clyde, where she and her sister ''Melbourne Star'' joined the List of Allied convoy codes during World War II#W, Convoy WS 21S for Operation Pedestal to relieve the siege of Malta. The convoy left on 2 August under heavy naval escort and passed Gibraltar on 10 August, where it became List of Allied convoy codes during World War II#M, Convoy MW 2.

Off Cap Bon on 12 August a ''Luftwaffe'' aircraft launched an aerial torpedo at ''Brisbane Star''. It damaged her bow, almost tearing it off, but she stayed afloat. She could make only , so she rounded Cap Bon and anchored in the Gulf of Hammamet. There the harbourmaster, harbour master of Sousse in Vichy France, Vichy French French protectorate of Tunisia, Tunisia boarded the ship, declared her unseaworthy and ordered her to be detained and enter port. ''Brisbane Star''s Sea captain, Master, Captain Frederick Riley, refused and the harbour master eventually withdrew but agreed take ashore one crewman, who had been seriously wounded in the attack, but unfortunately he died shortly afterwards.

Eventually Malta sent Supermarine Spitfire, Spitfires to escort ''Brisbane Star'' the 200 miles to Valletta, where she and her cargo safely reached the Grand Harbour on 14 August.

''Brisbane Star'' stayed in Malta for almost four months, while her bow received temporary repairs good enough to return to deep sea service. On 7 December she left Malta with List of Allied convoy codes during World War II#M, Convoy ME 11, which reached Port Said four days later. She then passed through the Suez Canal, called at Aden on 20 December, and spent Christmas 1942 and New Year 1943 heading south through the Indian Ocean. After calling at Cape Town in early January she reached Argentina. This may be when Blue Star had her bow further rebuilt at Puerto Belgrano Naval Base. She was at Buenos Aires at the end of January and again in late February, before leaving for home on 26 February. She went ''via'' Gibraltar, where she arrived on 21 March. A week later she left and joined List of Allied convoy codes during World War II#M, Convoy MKF 11, which was ''en route'' from Annaba, Bône in French Algeria to the Firth of Clyde. She reached Liverpool on 5 April.

Captain Riley was one of three Merchant Navy (United Kingdom), Merchant Navy captains from Operation Pedestal who were awarded the Distinguished Service Order, DSO ''"for fortitude, seamanship and endurance... in the face of relentless attacks... from enemy submarines, aircraft and surface forces"''. His Chief mate, Chief Officer Robert White, Chief engineer, Chief Engineer Allan Nichol, Second mate, Second Officer C.R. Horton and Junior Second Engineer J Dobbie were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom), DSC. Boatswain F Wilson and ship's carpenter A Nylander were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom), DSM and Junior Third Engineer A.J. Pretty was mentioned in dispatches.

Nominal change of ownership

In 1943 Blue Star transferred her ownership from Union Cold Storage to Frederick Leyland and Co. The repairs were accompanied by alterations that considerably increased the ship's tonnage and deepened her Draft (hull), draught by .

London and Hawaii

In May 1945 German surrender at Lüneburg Heath, Germany surrendered to the Allies, and in June ''Brisbane Star'' returned to London for the first time in five and a half years. Her final voyage of the war was from Norfolk, Virginia ''via'' the Panama Canal to Pearl Harbor, where she arrived on 29 August, three days before the Surrender of Japan.

Post-war service

Blue Star transferred ''Brisbane Star''s ownership twice more: to Lamport and Holt, Lamport and Holt Line in 1950 and to Blue Star Line itself in 1959. In July 1963 Blue Star sold the ship to ''Margalante Compania Naviera, SA'' of Liberia, who renamed her ''Enea''. In October 1963 she arrived at Izumi-Ohtsu shipbreakers in Osaka, Japan, who scrapped her.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brisbane Star
1937 ships
Cargo liners
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built on the River Mersey
Ships of the Blue Star Line
World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Ships of the Lamport and Holt Line