MS Wanganella

MS ''Wanganella'' was an Australian-registered ocean liner built by Harland and Wolff that entered service on the trans-Tasman route in 1933. Originally named ''Achimota'', she was acquired by Huddart Parker after the original sale to Elder Dempster Lines fell through.

Renamed ''Wanganella'', the ship sailed between New Zealand and Australia until 1941, when she was converted into a hospital ship. As Australian Hospital Ship (AHS) ''Wanganella'', the ship operated in support of Australian forces until 1946, when she was returned to her civilian operator. In the 1950s and 1960s ''Wanganella'' was affected by several incidents of industrial action by wharf labourers.

The increase in travel by air made operating the ship less viable, but before the ship was due to be scrapped in 1963, she was acquired and moored in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, and used as a hostel for construction workers building the Manapouri Power Station until 1970. In April 1970, a tug towed ''Wanganella'' to Hong Kong, then later Taiwan, where she was scrapped.

Building

Harland and Wolff built ''Wanganella'' as yard number 849 on slip number five in its Belfast yard, launched her on 17 December 1929 and completed her on 29 November 1932. Elder Dempster Lines had ordered her as ''Achimota'' for its West African trade. But Elder Dempster was in financial trouble at the time and never took the ship over. Eventually the Melbourne-based Australian shipping company Huddart Parker bought ''Achimota'' in September 1932 and renamed her ''Wanganella'', beginning regular service on 12 January 1933.

''Wanganella'' had twin screws, each driven by an eight-cylinder four-stroke single-acting diesel engine. Harland and Wolff built the engines under licence to a Burmeister & Wain design. Between them the two engines were rated at 1,305 NHP and gave her a service speed of .

''Wanganella'' was equipped with wireless direction finding. In 1934 her code letters LHVJ were superseded by the call sign VJPQ.

Operational history

Before World War II

Renamed ''Wanganella'', the ship was a top-rated trans-Tasman ocean liner, with berths for 304 first class and 104 second class passengers. She primarily sailed between the cities of Auckland and Wellington in New Zealand, and Sydney and Melbourne in Australia, crossing the Tasman Sea in three and a half days.

On 28 December 1937 she collided with the trawler off the coast of New South Wales.
On 19 June 1940 she helped to rescue passengers from after the latter hit a mine and sank off the coast of Auckland.

Message in a bottle

On 11 September 1935, a message in a bottle was put in the ocean, reading:''Thrown overboard by Mr & Mrs Robert Hare and son Billy 11/9/35 en route Syd/ Auck. Will finder please communicate with above at Ballarat, Vict – Aust, The City Beautiful, Largest inland city of the commonwealth.''

This was discovered at Fraser Island, Queensland, some 20 years later, but the message was forgotten until 2018 when the finder sought to research the senders of the message, including the Captain of the ship (Captain R Darrock), and a named witness (W Elsden-Dew). The message had been written on a menu card for an evening meal. The menu, dated Tuesday, 10 September 1935 was one day old when it was adorned with a handwritten note, placed into the cork-topped bottle, and thrown into the ocean.Message in a bottle mystery leads to hunt for author's family 80 years on
Hailey Renault, ABC News Online, 19 February 2018 Of note, Mr Robert Hare was Manager of the Huddart Parker Line of which ''Wanganella'' was a part, and his son William (Billy) became a leading radiologist and Professor of Radiology at the University of Melbourne.

Hospital ship

During World War II, ''Wanganella'' was converted to serve as an Australian Hospital Ship (AHS). Between 19 May 1941 and 1946, AHS ''Wanganella'' carried wounded and sick evacuees from the Middle East, Italy, India, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Bougainville, Morotai, Borneo and the South Pacific, travelling over and transporting 13,385 wounded.https://www.mastermariners.org.au/stories-from-the-past/4105-ww2-australian-hospital-ships

A recently-liberated soldier from Batu Lintang camp, Kuching, Sarawak wrote of her:

Post-war

On her maiden voyage after the war, ''Wanganella'' had a narrow escape when she ran aground on Barrett Reef (later to claim with 53 lives lost) at the entrance to Wellington Harbour in New Zealand. On 19 January 1947, while making her first trans-Tasman voyage after the war, ''Wanganella'' struck Barrett Reef just before midnight and stuck fast. The weather conditions were unusually benign, and remained so for the 18 days she spent on the reef. Such benign weather is still known in Wellington as "Wanganella weather". No-one was injured, and the passengers were taken off the ship the morning after the accident. The damage she incurred put her out of action for 22 months, mainly as a result of industrial action while she was laid up in a floating dock for repairs. Harland and Wolff sent out the necessary steelwork from Belfast.

''Wanganella'' was caught up again in industrial action; this time in the 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute. This 151-day-long industrial battle between the employers and the watersiders in New Zealand began when watersiders refused to work overtime. The New Zealand Government, hand-in-glove with the employers, was determined to smash the union and introduced Emergency Regulations. The army was brought in to work the wharves. ''Wanganella'' became involved in smuggling money and manpower between Australia and New Zealand, with her Australian crew carrying thousands of pounds to New Zealand from various unions in Australia, in support of their New Zealand comrades.

In about 1960, ''Wanganella'' was acquired by the scrap metal dealer Albert G Sims, and was sent to Singapore for breaking up as scrap. However, there was a drop in scrap metal prices, and the ship returned to service on the Sydney to Auckland run. In early 1962, when the owners were taken over by McIlwraith McEacharn Ltd of Melbourne, the ship was sold to the Hang Fung Shipping & Trading Co Ltd of Hong Kong, operating under the same name.

Hostel ship

During the 1950s and 1960s, the expansion of civilian air travel made trans-Tasman shipping obsolete. In 1963, shortly before the ship was due to be scrapped, engineers working on the construction of the Manapouri Power Station in New Zealand acquired ''Wanganella''.

Between 1963 and 1970, ''Wanganella'' was moored in Doubtful Sound to be used as a hostel for workers building the tailrace tunnel, and the Wilmot Pass access road. The vessel became notorious for the drinking culture on board. A popular legend is when the vessel was to be towed away, tugs apparently struggled to dislodge the ship from a bed of empty beer cans that had been tossed overboard.

''Wanganella'' was sold for scrap in 1970, and was towed to Hong Kong, then Taiwan. The cove in which ''Wanganella'' was moored and the stream that supplied the water to the liner are now gazetted as Wanganella Cove and Wanganella Stream.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wanganella
1929 ships
Hospital ships of the Australian Army
Hospital ships in World War II
Maritime incidents in 1937
Maritime incidents in 1947
Ships built in Belfast
Ships built by Harland and Wolff
World War II merchant ships of Australia