MS Gotenland

MS ''Gotenland'' was a cargo motor ship that was built in Denmark during the Second World War and scrapped in China in 1970. Her first operator was the German Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) line. In 1945 she passed to Norwegian ownership and was renamed ''Hopeville''. In 1967 she was acquired by Greek owners, who at first renamed her ''Oinoussian Hope'', and then changed her name to ''Esperanza''.

In 1943 Germany used ''Gotenland'' to deport 158 Jews from Norway to Germany. Only six or seven of the deportees survived the war.

Building

In 1940 Burmeister & Wain in Copenhagen, Denmark was building the ship for A. F. Klaveness & Co of Norway. However, in April 1940 Germany invaded Denmark, and the Kriegsmarine requisitioned the uncompleted ship. In November 1942 she was completed as ''Gotenland'', and the Kriegsmarine appointed NDL to manage her. Her Master in NDL service was Captain Heinz Vollmers.

The ship's lengths were overall and registered. Her beam was , and her depth was . Her tonnages were , , and . She had four holds and five hatches. She had 15 derricks: one of 25 tons and 14 of five tons.

The ship had a single screw, driven by a Burmeister & Wain nine-cylinder, single-acting, two-stroke diesel engine. It gave her a speed of .

''Gotenland''

In November 1942 the German authorities in occupied Norway had deported hundreds of Norwegian Jews to concentration camps in occupied Poland aboard the ships and ''Monte Rosa''. In February 1943 they used ''Gotenland'' to deport Norwegian Jews to Germany.

On February 24, 1943, 158 Jewish prisoners were taken from Bredtveit Prison and Grini detention camp to the port of Oslo, where they were embarked aboard ''Gotenland''. 71 were adult women, 63 were adult men, and 24 were children born during or after 1924. Embarkation took all day, and ''Gotenland'' left Oslo at 0500 hrs the next morning.The Gestapo officer Klaus Grossmann commanded the German guards aboard ''Gotenland'' on the voyage.

On February 27 ''Gotenland'' docked in Stettin in Germany. There the prisoners were loaded into freight cars, in which they were taken to Berlin. In Berlin they were made to sign over all of their assets to the German state. The next day they were sent on to Auschwitz. On arrival in Auschwitz, all men under 18 and over about 45–50 years, and almost all women, were selected for immediate execution in one of the gas chambers. Only 26 to 28 of the deportees were selected to be retained as forced labourers. They were put to work in Monowitz-Buna. Only six or seven of the prisoners transported with Gotenland survived the war.

On January 29, 1945 ''Gotenland'' was in the Baltic off Libau during an air raid. A bomb hit her, causing substantial damage. She returned to Danzig for repairs to her deck and forecastle.

On January 30, 1945 the sank , killing more than 9,000 people aboard. ''Gotenland'', still damaged from the bombing off Libau, took part in rescuing some of the survivors from the sea.

''Hopeville''

In May 1945 Germany capitulated, and on August 31 ''Gotenland'' was finally delivered to Klaveness & Co, who had ordered her at the beginning of the war. Klaveness renamed her ''Hopeville'' and registered her in Oslo. Her Norwegian call sign was LLNZ.

By 1946 ''Hopeville''s navigation equipment included wireless direction finding, an echo sounding device, and gyrocompass. In 1957 ''Hopeville''s ownership was transferred from Skibs-A/S Steinstad to Skibs-A/S Siljestad, but Klaveness & Co remained her managers. By 1959 her navigation equipment included radar. In 1963 she was laid up from January 10 until March 21 in Arendal in southern Norway.

''Oinoussian Hope'' and ''Esperanza''

In 1967 Argyros Cia. SA bought ''Hopeville'', renamed her ''Oinoussian Hope'', and registered her in Piraeus. Panagiotis A Lemos & Co Ltd of London were her managers. In 1968 her owners renamed her ''Esperanza'', but kept the same managers.

In 1970 she was sold for scrap. On April 15 that year she arrived in Shanghai to be broken up.

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gotenland, MS

1942 ships
The Holocaust in Norway
Maritime incidents in January 1945
Merchant ships of Greece
Merchant ships of Norway
Ships built by Burmeister & Wain
World War II merchant ships of Germany