The Parliamentary Complex of Indonesia (), also known as the MPR/DPR/DPD Building, is the

seat of government The seat of government is (as defined by ''Brewer's Politics'') "the building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". In most countries, the nation's Capital city, capital is also seat of its governmen ...

for the

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

n legislative branch of government, which consists of the

People's Consultative Assembly The People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia (, MPR-RI) is the legislative branch in Indonesia's political system. It is composed of the members of a lower body, House of Representatives (DPR) and an upper body, Regional R ...

(MPR), the

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...

(DPR) and the

Regional Representative Council The Regional Representative Council (, DPD; alternatively translatable as the House of Regions or the House of Regional Representatives or the Senate of Indonesia), is one of two parliamentary chambers in Indonesia. Together with the House o ...

(DPD).

History

Construction

Sukarno administration

Construction of the building was ordered on March 8, 1965 by

Sukarno Sukarno (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independenc ...

, the first

president of Indonesia The president of the Republic of Indonesia () is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the ...

, through the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 48 of 1965. The building was intended to house the Conference of New Emerging Forces (CONEFO), a now defunct alternative for the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

, with the first conference being scheduled to be held in 1966. The members of the organization were planned to consist of the countries of

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

Latin America Latin America is the cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken, primarily Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese. Latin America is defined according to cultural identity, not geogr ...

, and the

Non-Aligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 121 countries that Non-belligerent, are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. It was founded with the view to advancing interests of developing countries in the context of Cold W ...

. The first conference was scheduled to be held in 1966, and the building was scheduled for completion before August 17, 1966 — leaving 17 months left for the construction to take place. Construction began in March 1965 following a contest for the design, which resulted in the design by architect Soejoedi Wirjoatmodjo being agreed upon and ratified by President Sukarno on February 22, 1965.

Suharto administration

Construction was hampered due to the coup attempt on September 30, 1965. The CONEFO idea was soon abandoned after Sukarno's fall, but the building's construction was resumed based on the Decree of the

Presidium A presidium or praesidium is a council of executive officers in some countries' political assemblies that collectively administers its business, either alongside an individual president or in place of one. The term is also sometimes used for the ...

of the

Ampera Cabinet The Ampera Cabinet () was the Indonesian cabinet which served under President Sukarno and later on acting president Suharto from July 1966 until October 1967. The cabinet was formed after the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) se ...

Number 79/U/Kep/11/1966 dated November 9, 1966, whose designation was changed for the MPR/DPR RI Building. Gradually, construction was completed and handed over to the Secretariat General of the DPR: Main Conference Building (March 1968), Secretariat Building and Health Center Building (March 1978), Auditorium Building (September 1982), and Banquet Building (February 1983).

May 1998

In May 1998, the buildings were occupied by about 80,000 tertiary students protesting against the

Trisakti shootings The Trisakti shootings, also known as the Trisakti tragedy (), took place at Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia, on 12 May 1998. At a demonstration demanding President Suharto's resignation, Indonesian Army soldiers opened fire on unarmed ...

and the continuation of

Suharto Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian Officer (armed forces), military officer and politician, and dictator, who was the second and longest serving president of Indonesia, serving from 1967 to 1998. His 32 years rule, cha ...

's New Order regime, which also calling for the dissolution of the People's Representative Council and People's Consultative Assembly of the 1998–2003 period.

Buildings

The complex comprises six buildings. The main building is ''Nusantara'' with its unique

Garuda Garuda (; ; Vedic Sanskrit: , ) is a Hindu deity who is primarily depicted as the mount (''vahana'') of the Hindu god Vishnu. This divine creature is mentioned in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain faiths. Garuda is also the half-brother of the D ...

wing-shaped roof and contains the 1,700-seat plenary meeting hall. The other five buildings are ''Nusantara I'', a 23-storey building containing parliament members' offices and meeting rooms; ''Nusantara II'' and ''Nusantara III'', which contain committee meeting rooms and offices; ''Nusantara IV'', used for conferences and ceremonies; and ''Nusantara V'', which has a 500-seat plenary hall.

Gallery

File:MPRSession.jpg, A

session in 1999 inside ''Nusantara'' File:Sidang Paripurna DPR ke-9 2015.jpg,

People's Representative Council The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (, DPR-RI or simply DPR) is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while th ...

meeting hall inside ''Nusantara II'' File:Garuda-MPR.jpg, Detail of the

national emblem A national emblem is an emblem or seal that is reserved for use by a nation state or multi-national state as a symbol of that nation. Many nations have a seal or emblem in addition to a national flag. Other national symbols, such as national ...

displayed in front of ''Nusantaras meeting hall File:Rp. 10000 Reverse Notes.jpg, Featured on the reverse side of the 2014 issued 100,000 rupiah note File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1993 - Colnect 251758 - People s Consultative Assembly.jpeg, Featured in a 1993 stamp File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1993 - Colnect 251759 - People s Consultative Assembly.jpeg, Featured in a 1993 stamp

Presidential inauguration

File:Suhartoappointedpresident.jpg, First inauguration of Suharto, 1968 File:Inauguration of Abdurrahman Wahid.jpg,

Inauguration of Abdurrahman Wahid The inauguration of Abdurrahman Wahid as the 4th president of Indonesia took place on Wednesday, 20 October 1999 at the Parliamentary Complex, Jakarta. The ceremony marked the commencement of Wahid's only term as president. Wahid's term as pre ...

, 1999 File:Pelantikan Megawati Soekarnoputri.jpg, Inauguration of Megawati Sukarnoputri, 2001 File:Megawati Sukarnoputri presidential election, 2001.jpg, Megawati after Wahid's impeachment and her inauguration, 2001 File:Pelantikan Susilo Bambang Yudoyono, 2004.jpg, First inauguration of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, 2004 File:JokowiPresidentialOath.jpg,

First inauguration of Joko Widodo The first inauguration of Joko Widodo as the 7th president of Indonesia took place on Monday, 20 October 2014 at the MPR/DPR/DPD building, Parliamentary Complex, Jakarta. This ceremony marked the commencement of the first five-year term of Joko W ...

, 2014 File:Joko Widodo second oath.jpg, Second inauguration of Joko Widodo, 2019 File:Prabowo Subianto takes oath as president of Indonesia.jpg, Inauguration of Prabowo Subianto, 2024

References

Citations

Bibliography

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External links

History of the DPR/MPR Building

Ex-Reform activist: No manipulation in the DPR/MPR building occupation
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dpr Mpr Building Buildings and structures completed in 1983 Buildings and structures in Jakarta People's Consultative Assembly Seats of national legislatures