Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)
or Prostaglandin E synthase is an
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''PTGES''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by
proinflammatory cytokine
An inflammatory cytokine or proinflammatory cytokine is a type of signaling molecule (a cytokine) that is secreted from immune cells like helper T cells (Th) and macrophages, and certain other cell types that promote inflammation. They include int ...
interleukin 1 beta
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IL1B'' gene."Catabolin" ...
(IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by
tumor suppressor protein TP53
p53, also known as tumor protein p53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory transcription factor protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thou ...
, and may be involved in TP53-induced
apoptosis
Apoptosis (from ) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast. Biochemistry, Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (Morphology (biol ...
.
Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of
collagen-induced arthritis
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a condition induced in mice (or rats) to study rheumatoid arthritis.
CIA is induced in mice by injecting them with an emulsion of complete Freund's adjuvant and type II collagen
Type II collagen is the basis ...
and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses.
It is
inhibited by
crisdesalazine
Crisdesalazine (; developmental code name AAD-2004) is a microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor and free radical scavenger which is under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ...
(AAD-2004; GedaCure).
See also
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Prostaglandin E synthase
Prostaglandin E synthase (, or PGE synthase) is an enzyme involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism, a member of MAPEG family. It generates prostaglandin E (PGE) from prostaglandin H2.
The synthase generating PGE2 is a membrane-associate ...
References
Further reading
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