Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial is an
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''MCAT''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is found exclusively in the
mitochondrion
A mitochondrion () is an organelle found in the cell (biology), cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double lipid bilayer, membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine tri ...
, where it catalyzes the transfer of a
malonyl group from malonyl-CoA to the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein. The encoded protein may be part of a
fatty acid synthase
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''FASN'' gene.
Fatty acid synthase is a multi-enzyme protein that catalyzes fatty acid synthesis. It is not a single enzyme but a whole enzymatic system composed of two ide ...
complex that is more like the type II prokaryotic and plastid complexes rather than the type I human cytosolic complex. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Clinical significance
The enzyme encoded by the MCAT gene, along with other enzymes that regulate
Malonyl-CoA concentration, have been shown to regulate levels such that malonyl-CoA concentration decreases in human muscle tissue when under exercise training. This enzyme specifically has increased activity under these conditions, as it is known to catabolize malonyl-CoA.
Interactions
The human Malonyl CoA-acel carrier protein
transacylase in human mitochondria associates with respiratory complex one, such that it interacts functionally with a mitochondrial
malonyltransferase. Both species are encoded by nuclear genes, and their translocation into mitochondria is dependent on the presence of an
N-terminal targeting sequence.
References
Further reading
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