Mysore Doreswamy Madhusudan () is an Indian

wildlife biologist A wildlife biologist studies animals and their behavior along with the role each animal plays in its natural habitat. The duties of a wildlife biologist can include: developing and conducting experiments/studies on animals in their natural habitat ...

Whitley Award for Mysore-based wildlife biologist. The Hindu. 14 May 2009
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/ref> and

ecologist Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely re ...

.Why Bandipur's farmers switched to selling dung. Article by Nitin Sethi on ''Down To Earth'
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He is the co-founder of

Nature Conservation Foundation The Nature Conservation Foundation is a non-governmental wildlife conservation and research organisation based in Mysore, India. They promote the use of science for wildlife conservation in India. History The Nature Conservation Foundation was ...

Mysore Mysore ( ), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. As the traditional seat of the Wadiyar dynasty, the city functioned as the capital of the ...

. He has worked on understanding and mitigating the effects of human-wildlife conflict in the

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve in the Nilgiri Mountains of the Western Ghats in South India. It is the largest protected forest area in India, spreading across Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. It includes the protected ...

in South India. He has also worked in several other forests in the

Himalaya The Himalayas, or Himalaya ( ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. More than 100 pea ...

s and

North-east India Northeast India, officially the North Eastern Region (NER), is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, M ...

. In 2004, he was one among the team of wildlife biologists who described Arunachal macaque, a new species of

macaque The macaques () constitute a genus (''Macaca'') of gregarious Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The 23 species of macaques inhabit ranges throughout Asia, North Africa, and Europe (in Gibraltar). Macaques are principally f ...

from

Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and la ...

, India."Scientists find new Indian monkey" from BBC online
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Early life and work

After obtaining a basic science degree from Yuvaraja's College, Mysore, Madhusudan did his post-graduation in wildlife biology from the

Wildlife Institute of India The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is an autonomous natural resource service institution established in 1982 under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of Indi ...

Dehradun Dehradun (), also known as Dehra Doon, is the winter capital and the List of cities in Uttarakhand by population, most populous city of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous Dehradun district, d ...

. He worked on resource use in and around forests and its impact on large mammal conservation for his PhD thesis under the guidance of Anindya Sinha.Profile from the Website of Nature Conservation Foundatio
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/ref> He uncovered the links between

coffee Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially a ...

production in

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

and patterns of cattle grazing and ownership in and around the forests of Bandipur. He found that the global fall in coffee prices resulted in an increased demand for

cow dung Cow dung, also known as cow pats, cow poop or cow manure, is the waste product (faeces) of bovine animal species. These species include domestic cattle ("cows"), bison ("buffalo"), yak, and water buffalo. Cow dung is the undigested residue of p ...

used as

manure Manure is organic matter that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures contribute to the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nut ...

in coffee estates in several areas in the Nilgiris and Western Ghats resulting in a large-scale export of dung transforming it from a locally produced and locally consumed manure for village agriculture to a high-value organic fertilizer for commercial export to coffee plantations. Following the dung export, livestock numbers in the region increased, aggravating grazing pressures on the forests. This work challenged the prevalent notion that resource use for subsistence is distinguishable from and preferable to commercial resource use in the context of protected-area management in India.Madhusudan, MD (2004) The Global Village: Linkages between International Coffee Markets and Grazing by Livestock in a South Indian Wildlife Reserve. ''

Conservation Biology Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an i ...

''. 19(2) pp. 411 - 420. .

Awards

Madhusudan was conferred the Whitley Award, popularly called ''Green Oscar'' in May 2009 in recognition of his work to reduce human-wildlife conflict in the Western Ghats. Madhusudan and NCF have said the grant from the award of £30,000, donated by HSBC, will go towards conservation activities, primarily for crop protection, in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. He was chosen as a

TED Fellow TED Conferences, LLC (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is an American-Canadian non-profit media organization that posts international talks online for free distribution under the slogan "Ideas Change Everything" (previously "Ideas Worth Sprea ...

in 2009. He was the first recipient of the ''Obaid Siddiqi Chair in the History and Culture of Science'' at the Archives of NCBS, a public centre for the history of contemporary biology in India.

Bibliography

* Madhusudan, M. D. & Mishra, C. (2003) Why big, fierce animals are threatened: conserving large mammals in densely populated landscapes. Battles over nature: science and the politics of conservation (eds V. Saberwal & M. Rangarajan), pp. 31–55.Permanent Black, New Delhi. * Madhusudan, M. D. & Karanth, K. U. (2000) Hunting for an answer: is local hunting compatible with large mammal conservation in India? Hunting for sustainability in tropical forests (eds J. G. Robinson & E. L. Bennett), pp. 339–355.Columbia University Press, New York. * Karanth, K. U. & Madhusudan, M. D. (2002) Mitigating human-wildlife conflicts in southern Asia. Making parks work (eds J. Terborgh, C. V. Schaik, L. Davenport & M. Rao), pp. 250–264. Island Press, Washington D.C. * Madhusudan, M. D. & Karanth, K. U. (2005) Local hunting and large mammal conservation. Wildlife conservation, research and management (eds Y. V. Jhala, R. Chellam & Q. Qureshi), pp. 60–67.Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. * Johnsingh, A. J. T. & Madhusudan, M. D. (2009) Tiger reintroduction in India: conservation tool or costly dream? Reintroduction of top-order predators (eds M. W. Hayward & M. J. Somers), pp. 146–163. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK.

References

External links

Profile on the website of NCF

Publications of M D Madhusudan on scientific commons

Whitley Awards 2009 video of Madhusudan
{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhusudan, M D Indian conservationists Indian ecologists Scientists from Mysore Year of birth missing (living people) Living people 20th-century Indian biologists Indian environmental writers Writers from Mysore 21st-century Indian non-fiction writers