Muhammad Hatta Lukman (26 February 1920 – 1965) was an

Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesia ...

communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a ...

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...

, who served as the First Deputy Chairman of the Central Committee of the

Communist Party of Indonesia The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. ...

(PKI), and a member of the

People's Representative Council The People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, DPR-RI), also known as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), ...

from 1956 until 1959. He was executed following the 1965 crackdown on the PKI. Lukman's father was a ''kiai'', a Muslim religious scholar who was active in Sarekat Rakyat (People's Association), a

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a ...

breakaway group from the Sarekat Islam. After the failed 1926 communist uprising against the Dutch colonial government, Lukman's father was imprisoned and in 1929 was exiled to the

Boven Digul Boven Digoel Regency is a regency (''kabupaten'') in the northern part of the Indonesian province of South Papua. It is split off from Merauke Regency (of which it used to be a part) on 12 November 2002. The regency covers an area of , and the ...

detention camp, West Papua. His family went with him, and Lukman grew up among political prisoners. In 1938 Lukman returned to his home town of

Tegal Tegal is a city in the northwest part of Central Java of Indonesia. It is situated on the north coast (or ''pesisir'') of Central Java, about from Semarang, the capital of the province. It had a population of 239,599 at the 2010 Census and 276 ...

and worked as a bus conductor until the 1942 Japanese invasion. He joined the then illegal

Indonesian Communist Party The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. ...

in 1943, at the same time as future leader

D. N. Aidit Dipa Nusantara Aidit (born Ahmad Aidit; 30 July 1923 – 22 November 1965) was an Indonesian communist politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) from 1951 until his summary execution during the mass k ...

.Mortimer (1974) In 1951, together with Aidit,

Njoto Lukman Njoto or Njoto (17 January 1927 – 13 December 1965) was a senior national leader of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), who joined the party shortly after the country's declaration of independence, and was killed following the 1965 cou ...

and

Sudisman Sudisman (1920 – October 1968) was a general secretary of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and the only PKI leader to be put on trial following the 30 September Movement in 1965. He was sentenced to death and executed. He was the f ...

, he participated in the takeover of the PKI leadership, a move which was to see the resurgence of the party. By 1965, he was a member of the party central committee and as deputy speaker of the

Provisional house of Representatives The Provisional House of Representatives ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Sementara) was the first Indonesian legislature under the Provisional Constitution of 1950. The council was formed after the transition of Indonesia to a unitary state on ...

, a member of President

Sukarno Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader ...

cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filing ...

.Simanjuntak (2003) As a leading PKI member, Lukman was arrested following the 1965 coup attempt of the

30 September Movement The Thirtieth of September Movement ( id, Gerakan 30 September, abbreviated as G30S, also known by the acronym Gestapu for ''Gerakan September Tiga Puluh'', Thirtieth of September Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian Na ...

, which was officially blamed on the Communist Party. After a trial, Lukman was secretly executed in late 1965 during the anti-communist purge of 1965/66.Roosa (2007)

References

Citations

Sources

* Mortimer, Rex (1974) ''Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959–1965'', Cornell University Press, * Roosa, John (2007) ''Pretext for Mass Murder: The September 30th Movement & Suharto's Coup D'État in Indonesia'', University of Wisconsin Press. * Simanjuntak, P.H.H (2003) ''Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi (Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Start of Independence to the Reform Era'', Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta, * Executed Indonesian people 20th-century executions by Indonesia Year of birth uncertain Communist Party of Indonesia politicians 1965 deaths 1920 births Indonesian newspaper editors Boven-Digoel concentration camp detainees Executed communists {{Indonesia-politician-stub