''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The

eyeless Paired box protein Pax-6, also known as aniridia type II protein (AN2) or oculorhombin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PAX6'' gene. Function PAX6 is a member of the Pax gene family which is responsible for carrying the geneti ...

''L. anops'' is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. gertschi'' is found only on

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

. The Mexican genus '' Tivodrassus'', and '' Tricongius'' have been suggested as sister groups of ''Lygromma''. Species reach a body length from about 2 to 4.6 mm.

Species

it contains 19 species: * '' Lygromma anops'' Peck & Shear, 1987 — Galapagos Islands * '' Lygromma chamberlini'' Gertsch, 1941 — Panama, Colombia, Cuba * ''

Lygromma domingo ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Platnick & Shadab, 1981 — Ecuador * ''

Lygromma dybasi ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 — Costa Rica, Panama * ''

Lygromma gasnieri ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Brescovit & Höfer, 1993 — Brazil * ''

Lygromma gertschi ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 — Jamaica * ''

Lygromma huberti ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 — Venezuela, Brazil * ''

Lygromma kochalkai ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 — Colombia * ''

Lygromma nicolae ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Víquez, 2020 – Costa Rica * ''

Lygromma peckorum ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 — Colombia * ''

Lygromma peruvianum ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 — Peru * ''

Lygromma quindio ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 — Colombia * '' Lygromma senoculatum'' Simon, 1893 — Venezuela * '' Lygromma simoni'' (Berland, 1913) — Ecuador * ''

Lygromma taruma ''Lygromma'' is a spider genus of Central and South America. There are species with eight, six (e.g. ''L. senoculatum'', ''L. valencianum'') and no eyes. The eyeless ''L. anops'' is endemic to Galapagos, while the not closely related blind ''L. ...

'' Brescovit & Bonaldo, 1998 — Brazil * '' Lygromma tuxtla'' Platnick, 1978 — Mexico * '' Lygromma valencianum'' Simon, 1893 — Venezuela * '' Lygromma volcan'' Platnick & Shadab, 1981 — Panama * '' Lygromma wygodzinskyi'' Platnick, 1978 — Colombia

References

* Platnick, N.I. & Shadab, M.U. (1976). A revision of the spider genera ''Lygromma'' and ''Neozimiris'' (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ''Amer. Mus. Novitates'' 2598:1-23
PDF (8Mb)

Abstract
(with key to species) * Platnick, N.I. (1977). Two new species of ''Lygromma'' (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). ''J. Arachnol.'' 5:151-152
PDF
(''L. tuxtla'', ''L. wygodzinskyi'') * Shear, W.A. & Peck, S.B. (1992). Male of the blind cave gnaphosoid ''Lygromma anops'' (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea, Prodidomidae) from Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. ''Journal of Arachnology'' 20:69-71
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q3269421 Prodidominae Spiders of Mexico Spiders of Central America Spiders of South America Araneomorphae genera