The Lund Report (Official title: "Dokument nr. 15 (1995-96) - Rapport til Stortinget fra kommisjonen som ble nedsatt av Stortinget for å granske påstander om ulovlig overvåking av norske borgere", in English: "Document no. 15 (1995-96) - Report to the Storting from the commission which was appointed in order to investigate allegations of illegal surveillance of Norwegian citizens") was presented to the
Norwegian Parliament on 28 March 1996. It was produced by the so-called Lund Commission, which had been appointed on 1 February 1994 and consisted of Supreme Court Justice
Ketil Lund
Ketil Lund (born 14 October 1939) is a Norwegian judge.
He was born in Oslo as a son of barrister and director Bernt Bjelke Lund (1898–1956) and Irlin Sommerfelt (1902–1974). He is a paternal grandson of Jens Michael Lund. From 1963 to 1967 h ...
(chairman), lawyer
Regine Ramm Bjerke, professor and former politician
Berge Furre, Major General
Torkel Hovland and Gender Equality Ombud
Ingse Stabel.
Reidar T. Larsen and
Vegard Holm were also proposed as member of the commission, but a majority of the Norwegian Parliament rejected this.
The report reveals extensive surveillance of
Norwegian communists
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, d ...
,
socialists
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes the economic, political, and socia ...
and individuals and groups which the
Norwegian Police Security Agency regarded to represent a threat to
national security
National security, or national defence (national defense in American English), is the security and Defence (military), defence of a sovereign state, including its Citizenship, citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of ...
. It also criticizes several issues in relation to the secret services:
*The intimate collaboration between the security agency and the
Norwegian Labour Party
The Labour Party (; , A or Ap; ), formerly The Norwegian Labour Party (, DNA), is a Social democracy, social democratic List of political parties in Norway, political party in Norway. It is positioned on the centre-left of the political spectru ...
*Registrations contrary to binding guidelines
*Registrations on the basis of old attitudes
*Unclear responsibilities
Even though an addendum to the report discusses the relationship between the work of the surveillance service and
human rights
Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered ...
, the framework as such is not a theme for the report.
The report shows that the illegal surveillance first and foremost has focused on the
Communist Party, the
Socialist People's Party, the
Workers' Communist Party, and the
Socialist Left Party, as well as organizations which were assumed to be in close contact with these parties, such as
Nei til Atomvåpen (No to Nuclear Weapons),
Sambandet Norge-Sovjetunionen (Norway-Soviet Union Association), the
Norwegian Palestine Committee, the
Women's Front of Norway and the
Norwegian Solidarity Committee for Vietnam. Right-wing extremist groups are also mentioned in relation to the threat image, but nothing in the report indicates that illegal surveillance against these milieus took place.
An
open hearing took place in the Storting following the report. Here former Prime Minister
Kåre Willoch among others defended the surveillance of the Workers' Communist Party with the assertion that this was an illegal organization, a view which was denied by experts. The hearing and the conditions surrounding it led to the departure from the cabinet by among others minister for oil and energy, former minister of justice,
Grete Faremo. No-one has been held legally responsible for the illegalities, however, the Storting voted to establish a law about right to look into the files. Even though the
Innsynsutvalget, which is the authority which decides who shall be allowed to look into the material, proposed to make the law permanent, the time limit for applying for permissions to look into the files expired on 31 December 2002.
Individuals who have suffered serious damage because of registration in violation with official guidelines or surveillance, have been able to apply for damages up to 100,000
NOK
Nok is a village in Jaba, Nigeria, Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The village is an archeological site.
Archaeology
The discovery of terracotta figurines at this location caused its name to be used for the Nok culture, ...
.
Also in other countries the ways of the surveillance services have been subject of scrutiny, but outside of the former
Soviet bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, the Workers Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were a ...
few countries have taken this as far as Norway has.
References
Sources
Lund-rapportenby Arne Jørgensen
by
Erling Folkvord Rett, makt og overvåkningby Erik Oddvar Eriksen
Mappeinnsyn til besværby
Ronald Bye Organisasjonen mot politisk overvåkning- lecture notes by
Torstein Hjellum Hysj!- editorial in
Dag og Tid
''Dag og Tid'' () is a national weekly newspaper in Norway that uses the Nynorsk standard of the Norwegian language.
''Dag og Tid'' was founded in 1962. Contrary to most other Norwegian newspapers, its circulation has recently increased signific ...
{{in lang, no
Cold War history of Norway
Politics of Norway
Intelligence operations
Cold War documents
Labour Party (Norway)
Political scandals in Norway