''Lumnitzera'' is an

Indo-West Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the s ...

mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline water, saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have particular adaptations to take in extra oxygen a ...

genus in the family

Combretaceae The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, G ...

. An English common name is black mangrove. (However, "black mangrove" may also refer to the unrelated genus ''

Avicennia ''Avicennia'' is a genus of flowering plants currently placed in the bear's breeches family, Acanthaceae. It contains mangrove trees, which occur in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas and are characterized by its "pencil roots", which ar ...

''.) ''Lumnitzera'', named after the German botanist, Stephan Lumnitzer (1750-1806), occurs in mangroves from

East Africa East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the Africa, African continent, distinguished by its unique geographical, historical, and cultural landscape. Defined in varying scopes, the regi ...

to the Western Pacific (including Fiji and Tonga), and northern Australia. The genus has two species of similar vegetative appearance but with differing flower colour. '' Lumnitzera littorea'' has red flowers whereas ''

Lumnitzera racemosa ''Lumnitzera racemosa'', commonly known as the white-flowered black mangrove, is a species of mangrove in the family Combretaceae. It is found on the eastern coast of Africa and other places in the western Indo-Pacific region. It has one accepte ...

'' has white flowers. Both species have flat and spoon-shaped (spathulate) leaves with emarginate tips. ''L. racemosa'' dominates in the western part of the range and ''L. littorea'' dominates in the east. Hybrids occur within the zone of overlap (''Lumnitzera × rosea''). Three genera of the tropical woody family Combretaceae, '' Laguncularia'', '' Conocarpus'', and ''Lumnitzera'', are found in mangroves but ''Lumnitzera'' is the only one to occur in the Indo-West Pacific mangroves, including Australia.

List of species

Current accepted species are: *'' Lumnitzera littorea'' *''

'' *'' Lumnitzera × rosea'' Lumnitzera littorea.jpg, ''Lumnitzera littorea'',

Tonga Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania. The country has 171 islands, of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in the southern Pacific Ocean. accordin ...

Lumnit racem 110902-17260 Fl bal.jpg, ''Lumnitzera racemosa'',

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

There have been a number of taxa that possessed the Lumnitzera genus that are now unplaced or assigned to other taxa: * ''Lumnitzera caesia'' Spreng., unplaced * ''Lumnitzera capitata'' (Roth) Spreng., synonym of '' Platostoma hispidum'' (L.) A.J.Paton * ''Lumnitzera carnosa'' Spreng., synonym of ''

Ocimum carnosum ''Ocimum'' is a genus of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of all 6 inhabited continents, with the greatest number of species in Africa. Its best known spe ...

'' (Spreng.) Link & Otto ex Benth. * ''Lumnitzera coccinea'' Wight & Arn., synonym of '' Lumnitzera littorea'' (Jack) Voigt * ''Lumnitzera densiflora'' (Roth) Spreng., synonym of '' Isodon rugosus'' (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd * ''Lumnitzera fastigiata'' (Roth) Spreng., synonym of '' Salvia plebeia'' R.Br. * ''Lumnitzera lutea'' C.Presl, synonym of ''

'' var. ''lutea'' (Gaudich.) Exell * ''Lumnitzera montana'' F.Muell., synonym of ''

Macropteranthes montana ''Macropteranthes'' is a genus containing five species of woody shrub native to northern Australia. Four species, ''M. fitzalanii, M. leichhardtii, M. leiocaulis'', and ''M. montana'', are found in Queensland, predominantly along the northeaster ...

'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. * ''Lumnitzera moschata'' (R.Br.) Spreng., synonym of ''

Basilicum polystachyon ''Basilicum'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1802. It contains only one known species, ''Basilicum polystachyon'', native to Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia (Saudi Arabia, India, China, Indochina, Borneo, Phil ...

'' (L.) Moench *''Lumnitzera pedicellata'' C.Presl, synonym of '' Lumnitzera littorea'' (Jack) Voigt * ''Lumnitzera pentandra'' Griff., synonym of '' Lumnitzera littorea'' (Jack) Voigt * ''Lumnitzera polystachyon'' (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng., synonym of''

''(L.) Moench * ''Lumnitzera prostrata'' (L.) Spreng., synonym of '' Platostoma menthoides'' (L.) A.J.Paton * ''Lumnitzera purpurea'' (Gaudich.) C. Presl, synonym of '' Lumnitzera littorea'' (Jack) Voigt * ''Lumnitzera rubicunda'' (D.Don) Spreng., synonym of '' Orthosiphon rubicundus'' (D.Don) Benth. * ''Lumnitzera salvioides'' (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng., synonym of '' Plectranthus salvioides'' (B.Heyne ex Roth) Benth. * ''Lumnitzera tenuiflora'' (L.) Spreng., synonym of ''

Ocimum tenuiflorum ''Ocimum tenuiflorum'', commonly known as holy basil, ''tulasi'' or ''tulsi'' (), is an aromatic perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is widely cultivated throughout the Southeast Asian tropics. It is native to tropical and subtropical r ...

'' L. * ''Lumnitzera virgata'' (D.Don) Spreng., synonym of '' Orthosiphon rubicundus'' var. ''rubicundus''

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2520573 Combretaceae Mangroves Protected trees of South Africa Myrtales genera