Lumbrein is a former

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the district of

Surselva Surselva Region is one of the eleven administrative districts in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2017 as part of a reorganization of the canton.Swiss Swiss most commonly refers to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Swiss may also refer to: Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss Café, an old café located ...

canton of Graubünden. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein,

Morissen Morissen () is a former Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the district of Surselva (district), Surselva in the Switzerland, Swiss Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Graubünden. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Switzerland, Degen, ...

, Suraua,

Vignogn Vignogn is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new munici ...

, Vella, and

Vrin Vrin () is a village and a former municipality in the Lumnezia. It belonged to the circle of Lugnez/Lumnezia in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, ...

merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of

Lumnezia Lumnezia is a valley region and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss of canton of Graubünden. The former municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the ...

.Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz
published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 2 January 2013

History

The Crestaulta hill near the hamlet of Surin was occupied since at least the early

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

(ca. 2000-1700/1600 BC). However, Lumbrein is first mentioned about 850 as ''in villa Lamarine'' though this comes from a 16th-century copy of an earlier and now lost document. In 1231 it was mentioned as ''de Lumarins''.

Geography

Lumbrein had an area, , of . Of this area, 47.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 23.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (27.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The former municipality is located in the Lugnez sub-district of the Surselva district, though until 2000 it was part of the Glenner district. It is located in the upper Lugnez valley. It consists of the village of Lumbrein (at an elevation of and the

hamlets A hamlet is a human settlement that is smaller than a town or village. This is often simply an informal description of a smaller settlement or possibly a subdivision or satellite entity to a larger settlement. Sometimes a hamlet is defined f ...

of St. Andriu, Nussaus on the road to

and on the other side of the Glenner, Surin, Pruastg and Silgin (about elevation). In 1750 the villages of Molina and Curtinatsch left Lumbrein and in 1900 Farglix left.

Coat of arms

The municipal coat of arms is ''Vert a Pale wavy Argent.''

Demographics

Lumbrein had a population (as of 2011) of 363.Swiss Federal Statistics Office – STAT-TAB
''Ständige und Nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Region, Geschlecht, Nationalität und Alter'' accessed 3 October 2012 , 2.3% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -11.3%. Most of the population () speaks Romansh (89.5%), with German being second most common ( 8.3%) and Portuguese being third ( 0.8%).Swiss Federal Statistical Office
accessed 23-Nov-2009 , the gender distribution of the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.Graubunden in Numbers
accessed 21 September 2009 The age distribution, , in Lumbrein is; 49 children or 12.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 57 teenagers or 14.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 30 people or 7.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 48 people or 12.0% are between 30 and 39, 54 people or 13.5% are between 40 and 49, and 46 people or 11.5% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 47 people or 11.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 42 people or 10.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 25 people or 6.3% who are between 80 and 89 there is 1 person who is between 90 and 99.Graubunden Population Statistics
accessed 21 September 2009 In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 63.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (16.3%), the FDP (14.5%) and the SP (5%). In Lumbrein about 53% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a ''

Fachhochschule A (; plural ), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a Hochschule, German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts, such as engineering, te ...

''). Lumbrein has an unemployment rate of 0.66%. , there were 62 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 29 businesses involved in this sector. 28 people are employed in the

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...

and there are 6 businesses in this sector. 45 people are employed in the

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the ...

, with 16 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table:

Heritage sites of national significance

The Crestaulta and Cresta Petschna (a Bronze Age settlement), the

necropolis A necropolis (: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'' (). The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distan ...

at Surin and the ''double house'' at number 30 are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. Crestaulta is a significant Bronze Age site on a hill about west of Surin. It was discovered in 1935 and excavated by Walo Burkart in 1935–38. Three settlement phases were discovered. The bottom layer dates from the early Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1700/1600 BC) and included a number of post holes for simple huts with some attached

animal stall A stall is an enclosure housing one or a few animals. A building with multiple stalls for horses is called a stable. A stable or barn which houses livestock is subdivided into stalls or pen (enclosure), pens. Freestanding stalls may be construct ...

s. The hut was about . The second layer dates from the middle Bronze Age (1700/1600-1500/1400 BC) and consists of massive

dry stone Dry stone, sometimes called drystack or, in Scotland, drystane, is a building method by which structures are constructed from stones without any mortar to bind them together. A certain amount of binding is obtained through the use of carefully ...

walls, however there are no clear house or other building foundations. This layer also includes numerous animal stalls, a small round "cellar", part of a

kiln A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or Chemical Changes, chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects m ...

and fire pits. The upper layer is also from the middle Bronze Age (1500/1400-1300 BC) and includes an animal stall, a

menhir A menhir (; from Brittonic languages: ''maen'' or ''men'', "stone" and ''hir'' or ''hîr'', "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large upright stone, emplaced in the ground by humans, typically dating from the European middle Br ...

or standing stone and a wooden floor. Additional excavations have discovered

ceramic A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcela ...

pots of a style that is now known as the ''Inner-alpine Bronze Age culture'' () or formerly as the ''Crestaulta-Kultur''. In the river Cresta Petschna, about from Crestaulta a cemetery or necropolis was discovered in 1947. It included at least 11 early Bronze Age graves. The items buried in the graves (sewing needles,

pendants A pendant is a loose-hanging piece of jewellery, generally attached by a small loop to a necklace, which may be known as a "pendant necklace". A pendant earring is an earring with a piece hanging down. Its name stems from the Latin word ' ...

and arm rings) indicate that these were women's graves. File:Crestaulta Hütten.JPG, Buildings on the Crestaulta File:Crestaulta Keramik.jpg, Ceramics from Crestaulta File:Crestaulta Keramik1.jpg, Ceramics from Crestaulta File:Crestaulta Pfeilspitzen.jpg, Spearheads from Crestaulta File:Crestaulta Stichwerkzeuge.jpg, Needles from Crestaulta File:Crestaulta Plateau.jpg, Crestaulta site

References

External links

Official web site
{{Authority control Lumnezia Former municipalities of Graubünden Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden