Ludaš Lake
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Ludaš or Ludoš Lake (
Serbian Serbian may refer to: * Pertaining to Serbia in Southeast Europe; in particular **Serbs, a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans ** Serbian language ** Serbian culture **Demographics of Serbia, includes other ethnic groups within the co ...
: Ludaško / Ludoško jezero; Hungarian: Ludas or Ludasi-tó) is a shallow lake in the province of
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
in northern
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
, near the city of
Subotica Subotica (, ; , , ) is a List of cities in Serbia, city in Central Europe and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, contemporary Sub ...
. It is a special natural preserve and, since 1977, designated as a swamp area of international significance by the
Ramsar Convention The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar site, Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on We ...
. The name of the lake stems from Hungarian "ludas", meaning
goose A goose (: geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (grey geese and white geese) and '' Branta'' (black geese). Some members of the Tadorninae subfamily (e.g., Egy ...
.


Geography

The lake is located 12 kilometers southeast of Subotica, 10 km away from the E75 motorway, near the villages of
Šupljak Šupljak ( sr-cyr, Шупљак, ) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,310 people (2002 ...
and
Hajdukovo Hajdukovo ( sr-Cyrl, Хајдуково, , ) is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its pop ...
. About 4.5 km long, it stretches in north–south direction. It lies on the sandy terrain between
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
and
Tisza The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa (see below) is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. It was once called "the most Hungarian river" because it used to flow entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national bo ...
rivers, at the borderline of
Bačka Bačka ( sr-Cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska (), is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary. ...
loess A loess (, ; from ) is a clastic rock, clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. Ten percent of Earth's land area is covered by loesses or similar deposition (geology), deposits. A loess ...
ial plateau. Its northern part is wider and
swamp A swamp is a forested wetland.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p. Swamps are considered to be transition zones because both land and water play a role in ...
y, while the southern part is embedded into loess, with shores 3–4 m high. The bottom of the lake is made of watertight layer of white
clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impuriti ...
, covered with mud. The water is shallow, with the average depth of just 1 m and reaching the maximum depth of 2.25 m. The lake freezes up to three months a year, and in the summer its temperature can reach as high as . The lake is of aeolian origin, and its bed was formed approximately 1 million years ago, as winds emptied the sand dunes along the clay plateau. Before the water regulation system in the area was introduced, it used to be a swamp, supplied by natural precipitation and several small water streams, while a branch of the Kereš River takes the extraneous water away into Tisza. Today, it also receives water influx from the Palić-Ludaš and Bega canals.


Biodiversity

left, Ferruginous duck The lake and its surrounding are home to diverse
habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...
s (aquatic, swamp,
meadow A meadow ( ) is an open habitat or field, vegetated by grasses, herbs, and other non- woody plants. Trees or shrubs may sparsely populate meadows, as long as they maintain an open character. Meadows can occur naturally under favourable con ...
and
steppe In physical geography, a steppe () is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without closed forests except near rivers and lakes. Steppe biomes may include: * the montane grasslands and shrublands biome * the tropical and subtropica ...
), with a number of plant and animal species. Protected lax-flowered orchid (''
Orchis laxiflora ''Anacamptis laxiflora'' (lax-flowered orchid, loose-flowered orchid, or green-winged meadow orchid) is a species of orchid. It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia as far north as in Germany, and is found in wet meadows with alkaline soil. ...
'') is abundant on the meadow lowland terrain around the lake. Several other rare plants found their shelter here, such as: milk-vetch ('' Astragalus exscapus''), wind flower (''
Pulsatilla pratensis The genus ''Pulsatilla'' contains about 40 species of herbaceous perennial plants native to meadows and prairies of North America, Europe, and Asia. Common names include pasque flower (or pasqueflower), wind flower, prairie crocus, Easter flower, ...
''), sage ('' Salvia austriaca''), herbaceous periwinkle (''
Vinca herbacea ''Vinca herbacea'', with common name herbaceous periwinkle, is a flowering plant native to eastern Europe. Description ''Vinca herbacea'' is a herbaceous perennial growing as a trailing vine, spreading along the ground and rooting along the stem ...
''), golden ragwort ('' Senecio doria''). There are 214 recorded species of
bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...
s, 140 of them being protected as natural rarities. Most of the species are migratory. Richness of birds is one of the primary reasons for the environmental protection of the lake's area.
Bearded reedling The bearded reedling (''Panurus biarmicus'') is a small, long-tailed passerine bird found in reed beds near water in the temperate zone of Eurasia. It is frequently known as the bearded tit or the bearded parrotbill, as it historically was beli ...
is the most outstanding characteristic bird, while
white-headed duck The white-headed duck (''Oxyura leucocephala'') is a small diving duck some long. The male has a white head with black crown, a blue bill, and reddish-grey plumage. The female has a dark bill and rather duller colouring. Its breeding habitat is ...
,
ferruginous duck The ferruginous duck (''Aythya nyroca''), also known as ferruginous pochard, common white-eye or white-eyed pochard, is a medium-sized diving duck from Eurosiberia. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek word, (), an unknown se ...
and
moustached warbler The moustached warbler (''Acrocephalus melanopogon'') is an Old World warbler in the genus '' Acrocephalus''. It breeds in southern Europe and southern temperate Asia with a few breeding in north-west Africa. It is partially migratory. South-wes ...
are just some listed on the
IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological ...
. Land fauna is represented with some 20 species, of those, the
European otter The Eurasian otter (''Lutra lutra''), also known as the European otter, Eurasian river otter, European river otter, common otter, and Old World otter, is a semiaquatic mammal native to Eurasia and the Maghreb. The most widely distributed member o ...
is a near-threatened species. The first act of nature protection of the lake was passed in 1955, and in 1958 the area was designated as a strict nature reserve, covering an area of 6.33 square kilometres. In 1982, the area became an integral part of the "Palić-Ludaš" regional part, which was divided into two areas after building of the E-75 motorway in 1991. Efforts for the international protection status were first introduced in 1973, when the Executive Council of
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
nominated the lake to the Ramsar Site List, and on March 28, 1977 it was included in the
list of Wetlands of International Importance Ramsar sites are protected under by the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and re ...
. In 1989, the lake and its surroundings were designated as an
Important Bird Area An Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) is an area identified using an internationally agreed set of criteria as being globally important for the conservation of bird populations. IBA was developed and sites are identified by BirdLife Int ...
.


See also

*
List of lakes in Serbia Most lakes of Serbia are artificial, created by damming numerous rivers of Serbia for the purpose of obtaining hydroelectric power or as water reservoirs. Natural lakes in the Pannonian Plain are shallow, occurring as river arms or bogs, or by aeo ...
*
Palić Lake Palić ( sr-Cyrl, Палић; ; ) is a town located in the city of Subotica, North Bačka District, autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is also located from the border between Serbia and Hungary. The town has a Hungarian ethnic majority ...
* Kapetanski rit


References


General references

* * *


External links

*https://web.archive.org/web/20090309174515/http://www.ludas.rs/ {{DEFAULTSORT:Ludas Lake Lakes of Serbia Ramsar sites in Serbia Important Bird Areas of Serbia Nature reserves in Serbia