Lucius Eugene Pinkham (September 19, 1850 – November 2, 1922) was the fourth
Territorial Governor of Hawaii
The governor of Hawaii () is the head of government of the U.S. state of Hawaii and its various agencies and departments, as provided in the Hawaii State Constitution Article V, Sections 1 through 6. It is a directly elected position, votes bein ...
, serving from 1913 to 1918. Pinkham was the first member of the
Democratic Party of Hawaii
The Democratic Party of Hawaii (DPH; ) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of Hawaii.
It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the strongest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party curren ...
to become governor.
Early life
Pinkham was born September 19, 1850, in
Chicopee, Massachusetts
Chicopee ( ) is a city located on the Connecticut River in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city had a population of 55,560, making it the second-largest city in western Massachuset ...
. His parents were Lucius Moulton, a cotton mill proprietor, and Caroline Smith (Fiske) Pinkham.
He attended public schools in
Boston
Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
and
Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The city, located in Hartford County, Connecticut, Hartford County, had a population of 121,054 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 ce ...
. Although he intended to attend
Yale
Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and one of the nine colonial colleges ch ...
, a horseriding accident prevented him from walking for several years and he never attended college.
Pinkham arrived in Hawaii in 1892 to build a coal handling plant for
Oahu Railway and Land Company
The Oahu Railway and Land Company, or OR&L, was a narrow gauge common carrier railway that served much of the Hawaiian island of Oahu, and was the largest narrow gauge class one common carrier in the U.S, until its dissolution in 1947.
Origin
T ...
, and then went to
California
California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...
in 1894. From 1898 to 1903 he was manager of Pacific Hardware, another family business of
Benjamin Dillingham.
He also oversaw well projects for the
sugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fib ...
plantation
Plantations are farms specializing in cash crops, usually mainly planting a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. Plantations, centered on a plantation house, grow crops including cotton, cannabis, tob ...
s.
Hawaii Board of Health
On April 13, 1904, Pinkham was appointed president of the territorial Board of Health. While president of the Board of Health, he developed the idea of dredging the marshlands of
Waikīkī
Waikīkī (; ) is a Honolulu neighborhood and the eponymous Waikīkī beach on its south shore, on the island of Oahu in the U.S. state of Hawaii. (Despite situational use of the spelling "Waikiki", typically in materials aimed at tourists, t ...
via a two-mile long drainage canal. Although the idea was approved by the Board of Health, no action was taken on the proposal. Over his two terms, Pinkham's achievements included improving the conditions of the lepers at the Molokai settlement, economically reducing the occurrence of bubonic plague and cholera in Hawaii.
In 1907, Pinkham's remarks on the Japanese community's behavior during a bubonic plague outbreak were found to be offensive, and the Japanese community's reaction was a major factor in
Governor Frear's decision to not reappoint Pinkham for another term.
Pinkham was removed from the Board of Health on April 12, 1908.
Hawaiian Sugar Planter's Association
In April 1909, Pinkham was employed as a labor commissioner by the
Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
The Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association (HSPA) was an unincorporated, voluntary organization of sugarcane plantation owners in the Hawaiian Islands. It began as the Planters' Labor and Supply Company in 1882, later transforming into the HSPA in ...
(HSPA) to help transport
Filipino labor recruits to Hawaii. After four years, the HSPA ended Pinkham's contract "because of differences of opinion about the methods and purposes of recruiting Filipino workers."
Territorial Governor of Hawaii
Despite having no previous political experience,
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. He was the only History of the Democratic Party (United States), Democrat to serve as president during the Prog ...
appointed Pinkham territorial governor of Hawaii on November 29, 1913, succeeding Governor
Walter Frear
Walter Francis Frear (October 29, 1863 – January 22, 1948) was a lawyer and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii, and the third Governor of Hawaii, Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1907 to 1913.
Life
Frear was born October ...
. His appointment was controversial among Hawaii Democrats.
The U.S. Senate confirmed Pinkham's appointment by a vote of 46–24, by just one vote more than the two-thirds necessary for confirmation.
Pinkham was the state's first governor from the
Democratic Party, although his affiliations with the Republican Party were often under question.
In 1917, during Pinkham's governorship, the deposed former monarch of the Hawaiian Islands,
Queen Liliuokalani
Queen most commonly refers to:
* Queen regnant, a female monarch of a kingdom
* Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king
* Queen (band), a British rock band
Queen or QUEEN may also refer to:
Monarchy
* Queen dowager, the widow of a king
* Q ...
, died and was buried at the
Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii
Royal may refer to:
People
* Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name
* A member of a royal family or royalty
Places United States
* Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
* Royal, Illinois, a village
* Royal, ...
. The construction of what would become the
Ala Wai Canal
The Ala Wai Canal is an artificial waterway in Honolulu, Hawaii which serves as the northern boundary of the tourist district of Waikiki. It was created in 1928 to drain the Paddy field, rice paddies and Swamp, swamps which would eventually becom ...
and the drainage of the Waikīkī marshlands are credited for enabling the development of Waikīkī as a tourist center, and are considered to be one of the most enduring legacies of Pinkham's tenure. Pinkham also worked aggressively to improve the military defense of Hawaii.
He voluntarily resigned from his position
and was replaced by
Charles J. McCarthy on June 22, 1918.
Pinkham, who never married, died November 2, 1922, in
San Francisco, California
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
.
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pinkham, Lucius E.
Governors of the Territory of Hawaii
Politicians from Chicopee, Massachusetts
1850 births
1922 deaths
Hawaii Democrats
Members of the Hawaii Board of Health