Lubang Buaya
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Lubang Buaya (literally "crocodile's pit") is an administrative village (''
kelurahan In Indonesia, village or subdistrict is the fourth-level subdivision and the smallest administrative division of Indonesia below a district, regency/city, and province. Similar administrative divisions outside of Indonesia include barangays in t ...
'' in Indonesian) in Cipayung,
East Jakarta East Jakarta (; ), abbreviated as Jaktim, is the largest of the five administrative cities (''kota administrasi'') which form the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia, with a land area of 188.03 km2 (72.6 sq.miles). It had a population ...
, Indonesia, located on the outskirts of
Jakarta Jakarta (; , Betawi language, Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (; ''DKI Jakarta'') and formerly known as Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia and ...
near the Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base. It is the site of the murder of seven Indonesian army officers during the 1 October coup attempt of the
30 September Movement The Thirtieth of September Movement (, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for ''Gerakan September Tiga Puluh'', Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for ''Gerakan Satu Oktober'', or Fir ...
.


History

Lubang Buaya was first given its name by a notable Betawi ''
ulema In Islam, the ''ulama'' ( ; also spelled ''ulema''; ; singular ; feminine singular , plural ) are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law. They are considered the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam. "Ulama ...
'' in Jakarta, Syarif Hidayatullah (Datuk Banjir), because there were more crocodiles when he dug a water hole. Lubang Buaya itself is actually a swamp which more crocodiles living there. On 31 May 1965,
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
Sukarno Sukarno (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independenc ...
called for the establishment of a "fifth force", in addition to the three existing
armed forces A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a ...
(Army, Navy, and Air Force) and the police, to be made up of workers and peasants. This attracted strong opposition from Army commander
Ahmad Yani Ahmad Yani (19 June 1922 – 1 October 1965) was the Commander of the Indonesian Army, and was killed by members of the 30 September Movement during an attempt to kidnap him from his house. Early life Ahmad Yani was born in Jenar, Purwore ...
,Sundhaussen (1982) but soon training commenced at the swampy region near Halim called Lubang Buaya. It was under the control of Major Sujono, commander of the Halim base ground defense.Hughes (2002) Among the participants were members of the PKI-affiliated youth group ''Pemuda Rakyat''. In the early hours of 1 October 1965, members of the 30 September Movement left their base at Lubang Buaya on a mission to kidnap seven generals, all members of the Army General Staff. Later that night, they returned with the bodies of three of generals killed in the kidnap attempts, as well as four living prisoners. The survivors were subsequently killed, and all seven bodies were thrown down a disused well. On 4 October, the bodies were recovered using special equipment.
Suharto Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian Officer (armed forces), military officer and politician, and dictator, who was the second and longest serving president of Indonesia, serving from 1967 to 1998. His 32 years rule, cha ...
personally supervised the operation.Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975) During the New Order regime, a ceremony attended by the President and senior officials was held every year on October 1.


Monument and museums

The New Order regime built a large monument, which opened in 1969, called the "Sacred Pancasila Monument". It comprises life-size bronze statues of : (from left to right) Behind them is a 17m high structure with a large bronze
Garuda Garuda (; ; Vedic Sanskrit: , ) is a Hindu deity who is primarily depicted as the mount (''vahana'') of the Hindu god Vishnu. This divine creature is mentioned in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain faiths. Garuda is also the half-brother of the D ...
, the symbol of the Indonesian nation,.Pusat Sejarah TNI (2002) The front of the platform is covered with a bronze frieze that tells the official government version of the actions of the
Indonesian Communist Party The Communist Party of Indonesia ( Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in ...
(PKI) since
Indonesian independence The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 Tokyo Standard Time on Friday 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian Nati ...
.Roosa (2007) Nearby there is a "Museum of PKI Treason", which was built in 1990. It contains 34 dioramas portraying acts allegedly committed by the PKI. There is also a "Sacred Pancasila Museum" opened by then President Suharto on 1 October 1981 containing another 9 dioramas of the events before and after the coup attempt, relics such as an aqualung used during the recovery of the bodies from the well, a theater and an exhibition of photographs. The well into which the bodies were thrown is now protected by a pavilion. A small plaque reads:
"''It is not possible that the aspirations of our struggle to uphold the purity of Pancasila will be defeated by merely burying us in this well''.
''Lubang Buaya 1 October 1965''". There are several other buildings in the vicinity, including the one in which the kidnapped generals were allegedly mistreated (containing a life-sized diorama of torture), the movement's command post, and a canteen. Finally, there are four vehicles: Yani's official car, the jeep Suharto used at the time, a truck used by the kidnappers, and a
Saracen upright 1.5, Late 15th-century German woodcut depicting Saracens ''Saracen'' ( ) was a term used both in Greek and Latin writings between the 5th and 15th centuries to refer to the people who lived in and near what was designated by the Rom ...
armored car used to transport the bodies away from the scene after they had been recovered.


References


Bibliography

* Pusat Sejarah TNI (2002) ''Buku Panduan Monumen Pancasila Sakti Lubang Buaya Jakarta'' 'Guidebook to the Sacred Pancasila Monument Lubang Buaya Jakarta''(in Indonesian) * Drakeley, S. M. (2000) ''Lubang Buaya: myth, misogyny and massacre'' Clayton, Vic.: Monash Asia Institute: Working papers on Southeast Asia / Monash University Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, 0314-6804; no. 108 * Hughes, John (2002), ''The End of Sukarno – A Coup that Misfired: A Purge that Ran Wild'', Archipelago Press, * Lev, Daniel S. ''Indonesia 1965: The Year of the Coup'' Asian Survey, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Feb., 1966), pp.103–110 * Roosa, John (2007) ''Pretext for Mass Murder: The September 30th Movement & Suharto's Coup D'État in Indonesia'', University of Wisconsin Press. * Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975) ''30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka: Jilid 3 (1965–1973) (30 Years of Indonesian Independence: Volume 3 (1965–1973)'' * Sundhaussen, Ulf (1982) ''The Road to Power: Indonesian Military Politics 1945–1967'', Oxford University Press. {{Commons category Transition to the New Order 20th century in Jakarta Murder in Indonesia 1965 murders in Indonesia