Luanping County () is a

county A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

of northeastern

Hebei Province Hebei is a Provinces of China, province in North China. It is China's List of Chinese administrative divisions by population, sixth-most populous province, with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It bor ...

, with the

Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China (, literally "ten thousand ''li'' long wall") is a series of fortifications in China. They were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against vario ...

demarcating its border with

Miyun District Miyun District () is situated in northeast Beijing. It has an area of and a population of 527,683 (2020 Census). Its government seat is located in Gulou Subdistrict, Beijing, Gulou Subdistrict. History Miyun was one of the places where Warlo ...

Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...

to the southwest. It is under the administration of Chengde City, and as of 2020, has a population of 268,647 residing in an area of . The

G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway The Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway (), designated as G45 and commonly referred to as the Daguang Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Daqing, Heilongjiang, and Guangzhou, Guangdong in China. When fully complete, it will be i ...

, China National Highways

101 101 may refer to: *101 (number), the number * AD 101, a year in the 2nd century AD * 101 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC It may also refer to: Entertainment * ''101'' (album), a live album and documentary by Depeche Mode * "101" (song), a 19 ...

and 112, and the Beijing–Tongliao Railway pass through the county. Other bordering county-level divisions are

Fengning County Fengning Manchu Autonomous County (; Manchu: ) is a Manchu autonomous county of northern Hebei province, bordering Beijing to the southwest and Inner Mongolia to the north, and lying under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chengde ...

to the northwest,

Longhua County Longhua County () is a county in the northeast of Hebei province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the east. It is under the administration of Chengde City. Administrative divisions Towns: *Longhua, Longhua County, Longhua Town (), Hanmaying ( ...

to the north, Chengde's core districts of Shuangqiao District and Shuangluan District to the east, and Chengde County to the southeast.

Administrative divisions

The county administers 1

subdistrict A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, Ind ...

, 10

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

, 2

townships A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...

, and 8 ethnic townships. The county's only subdistrict is .

Climate

History

In the early 15th century, the

Yongle Emperor The Yongle Emperor (2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Chengzu of Ming, personal name Zhu Di, was the third List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 142 ...

forced all residents of the Luanping area to move to within the city walls, leaving the countryside uninhabited. In the early Qing dynasty, the

Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 165420 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, personal name Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign of 61 ...

ordered the now long uninhabited area to be redeveloped, with the new residents speaking a form of

Mandarin Chinese Mandarin ( ; zh, s=, t=, p=Guānhuà, l=Mandarin (bureaucrat), officials' speech) is the largest branch of the Sinitic languages. Mandarin varieties are spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretch ...

that would become the predecessor of modern

Standard Chinese Standard Chinese ( zh, s=现代标准汉语, t=現代標準漢語, p=Xiàndài biāozhǔn hànyǔ, l=modern standard Han speech) is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912–1949). ...

. Simultaneously, Luanping became a stop for officials travelling between Beijing and the

Chengde Mountain Resort Chengde Mountain Resort (; Manchu: ''Halhūn be jailara gurung'') is a large complex of imperial palaces and gardens situated in the Shuangqiao District of Chengde in northeastern Hebei province, northern China, about northeast of China's capi ...

, which contributed to residents speaking with the accent of government officials. Standard Chinese is based on the accent of Luanping residents, who speak a variety of

Beijing dialect The Beijing dialect ( zh, s=北京话, t=北京話, p=Běijīnghuà), also known as Pekingese and Beijingese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China. It is the phonological basis of Standard Chinese, the ...

. The accent of Luanping was chosen for its more "straightforward" pronunciation compared to that of urban Beijing; for example, Beijing uses more

erhua ''Erhua'' (), also called "erization" or "rhotacization of syllable finals", is a phonological process that adds r-coloring or the ''er'' (; ) sound to syllables in spoken Mandarin Chinese. ''Erhuayin'' () is the pronunciation of "er" after r ...

, syllable coalescence and exhibits significant dialect mixing.

References

External links

County-level divisions of Hebei Chengde {{Chengde-geo-stub