Louis Aloysius, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (; 18 August 1765 – 30 May 1829) was a

German prince The German nobility () and royalty were status groups of the medieval society in Central Europe, which enjoyed certain privileges relative to other people under the laws and customs in the German-speaking area, until the beginning of the 20th ...

and

Marshal of France Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to General officer, generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) ...

. He commanded a division of Austrian soldiers in the 1809 and 1814 campaigns during the

Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...

Early life

Hohenlohe was born at

Bartenstein Bartoszyce (pronounced ; , ) is a town on the Łyna River in northern Poland, with 22,597 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Geographical location Bartoszyce lies on ...

Hohenlohe-Bartenstein Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a German principality of the House of Hohenlohe, located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Bartenstein. Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a partition of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and was raised from a cou ...

on 18 August 1765. He was the son of Louis Charles, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (1731–1799), and Countess ''Polyxena'' Benedikta Josepha Philippine Antonia von

Limburg-Stirum The House of Limburg-Stirum (or Limburg-Styrum), which adopted its name in the 12th century from the immediate county of Limburg an der Lenne in what is now Germany, is one of the oldest families in Europe. It is the eldest and only survivin ...

(1738–1798). Among his siblings was younger brother, Charles Joseph, who was created 1st Prince of

Hohenlohe-Jagstberg Hohenlohe-Jagstberg is the name of a branch of the House of Hohenlohe with its seat at Haltenbergstetten Castle in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The branch of Hohenlohe-Brauneck received Jagstberg Castle (near Mulfingen) as af fief ...

in 1803. His paternal grandparents were

Charles Philip, Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was " ...

, and Sophie Friederike of

Hesse-Homburg Hesse-Homburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and a sovereign member of the German Confederation, which consisted of the lordship of Homburg at the foot of the Taunus, which was then known as ''Die Höhe'' ("the Heights"). The reigning princ ...

. His maternal grandparents were Count Christian Otto von Limburg-Stirum and Caroline von

Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst was a County, and later Principality in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The name Hohenlohe derives from the castle of Hohenloch near Uffenheim in Mittelfranken, which came into the possession of the ...

Career

In 1784 he entered the service of the Palatinate, which he quit in 1792 to take command as a colonel of a French army regiment raised by his father for the service of the

émigré An ''émigré'' () is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social exile or self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French verb ''émigrer'' meaning "to emigrate". French Huguenots Many French Hugueno ...

princes of France. He greatly distinguished himself under Condé in the campaigns of 1792–93, especially at the storming of the

lines of Wissembourg The Lines of Weissenburg, or Lines of Wissembourg,Note: also known as the Weissenburg Lines or Lignes de Wissembourg. The alternative spellings are derived from the German and French were entrenched works — an earthen Rampart (fortification), ...

. Subsequently he entered the service of the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

, and, when almost surrounded by the army of General

Pichegru Jean-Charles Pichegru (; 16 February 1761 – 5 April 1804) was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars. Under his command, French troops overran Belgium and the Netherlands before fighting on the Rhine front. His royalist positions led to h ...

, conducted a masterly retreat from the island of

Bommelerwaard Bommelerwaard is a district in Gelderland, Netherlands. The Bommelerwaard is situated among three rivers: the Meuse () in the south(east), the Waal in the north and the Afgedamde Maas in the west. It is formed by the area of two municipalities: ...

to the

Waal WAAL (99.1 FM broadcasting, FM; "The Whale") is a commercial radio, commercial radio station licensed to Binghamton, New York. It airs a classic rock radio format and is owned by Townsquare Media. WAAL is the oldest FM radio station continuou ...

. After the Dutch surrendered to the French armies, Hohenlohe joined the

Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ** Austria-Hungary ** Austria ...

army with whom he fought in the campaigns of 1794 to 1798. The following year he was named major-general by the Archduke Charles of Austria. Hohenlohe was promoted to the rank of ''

Feldmarschallleutnant Lieutenant field marshal, also frequently historically field marshal lieutenant (, formerly , historically also and, in official Imperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 always , abbreviated ''FML''), was a senior army rank in certai ...

'' in 1806 and the next year saw him being appointed governor of Galicia.

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

offered to restore to Hohenlohe his principality of

on condition that he adhered to the

Confederation of the Rhine The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austrian Empire, Austria ...

, but as he refused, it was mediatised to

Württemberg Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart. Together with Baden and Province of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern, two other histo ...

in 1806. During the

War of the Fifth Coalition The War of the Fifth Coalition was a European conflict in 1809 that was part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars. The main conflict took place in Central Europe between the Austrian Empire of Francis I and Napoleon's French Emp ...

Prince Hohenlohe led an Austrian infantry division in the IV Corps under

Franz Seraph of Orsini-Rosenberg Prince Franz Seraph von Orsini-Rosenberg (18 October 1761 – 4 August 1832) was born a member of Orsini-Rosenberg family, son of Prince Vinzenz Fererius von Orsini-Rosenberg and Maria Juliana, Countess von Stubenberg. He joined the army of ...

at the

Battle of Eckmühl The Battle of Eckmühl fought on 22 April 1809, was the turning point of the 1809 Campaign, also known as the War of the Fifth Coalition. Napoleon I had been unprepared for the start of hostilities on 10 April 1809, by the Austrians under ...

on 22 April 1809. His division consisted of three battalions each of the Infantry Regiments Josef Mittrowsky Nr. 40, Bellegarde Nr. 44 and Chasteler Nr. 46, the 5th and 6th Battalions of the Archduke Karl Legion and 14 artillery pieces. At the

Battle of Aspern-Essling In the Battle of Aspern-Essling (21–22 May 1809), Napoleon crossed the Danube near Vienna, but the French and their allies were attacked and forced back across the river by the Austrians under Archduke Charles. It was the first time Napoleo ...

on 21–22 May, he led Infantry Regiments Hiller Nr. 2, Czartorisky Nr. 9, Sztaray Nr. 33 and Reuss-Greitz Nr. 55. His division numbered 9,261 infantry and 16 6-pound cannons, The IV Corps was involved in the murderous struggle for the village of Essling. At the

Battle of Wagram The Battle of Wagram (; 5–6 July 1809) was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars that ended in a costly but decisive victory for Emperor of the French, Emperor Napoleon's French and allied army against the Austrian Empire, Austrian arm ...

on 5–6 July he led the Hiller and Sztaray Regiments, a total of 4,479 men. He commanded a division in

Ignaz Gyulai Ignaz is a male given name, related to the name Ignatius. Notable people with this name include: * Ignaz Brüll (1846–1907), Moravian-born pianist and composer who lived and worked in Vienna * Ignaz Bösendorfer (1796–1859), Austrian musician ...

's III Austrian Corps during the 1814 Campaign in France. He led his troops during the

First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube The First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube (24 January 1814) was fought during the War of the Sixth Coalition when Marshal Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise's corps of French Imperial Guards defended against an Austrians corps under Ignaz Gyulai and a ...

Service in France

Hohenlohe entered French service with the rank of lieutenant general, after the fall of Napoleon and the restoration of the

House of Bourbon The House of Bourbon (, also ; ) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Kingdom of Navarre, Navarre in the 16th century. A br ...

in 1814. The following year he held the command of a regiment raised by himself, with which he took part in the Spanish campaign of 1823. The same year he was

naturalized Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-national of a country acquires the nationality of that country after birth. The definition of naturalization by the International Organization for Migration of the ...

a French citizen, upon which he was made a

Peer of France The Peerage of France () was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 during the Middle Ages. The prestigious title and position of Peer of France () was held by the greatest, highest-ranking members of the Fr ...

. In 1827 was given the distinction of

Personal life

On 18 November 1786 Prince Hohenlohe married Countess Franziska Wilhelmina Augusta von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1770–1789), a daughter of Count Johann Wilhelm von Manderscheid-

Blankenheim Blankenheim may refer to: Places * Blankenheim, North Rhine-Westphalia, a municipality in western Germany * Blankenheim, Saxony-Anhalt, a municipality in eastern Germany *Blankenheim Castle Blankenheim Castle () is a ''schloss'' above the village ...

, and Johanna Maximiliane Franziska Ludovika Ottilia von Limburg-Stirum. Before her death in August 1789, they were the parents of one son: * Charles August Theodore of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (1788–1844), who married

Landgraviate Landgrave (, , , ; , ', ', ', ', ') was a rank of nobility used in the Holy Roman Empire, and its former territories. The German titles of ', ' ("margrave"), and ' ("count palatine") are of roughly equal rank, subordinate to ' ("duke"), and su ...

Clothilde von Hessen-Rotenburg, a daughter of Karl Emanuel, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg and Princess Leopoldine of Liechtenstein (a daughter of

Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein, born ''Franz de Paula Josef Johann Nepomuk Andreas'' (19 November 1726 – 18 August 1781), was the Prince of Liechtenstein from 1772 until his death. Biography Born in Milan, in what is now northern ...

), in 1811. After the death of his first wife, the Prince married Countess Maria Creszentia Sabina Raphaela of Salm-Reifferscheidt (1768–1826), a daughter of Count Siegmund of Salm-Reifferscheidt and Countess Eleonore von Waldburg zu Zeil und Wurzach, on 19 January 1790. Together, they were the parents of two daughters: * Countess Maria Beatrix de Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (1791–1792), who died young. * Countess Augusta Charlotte de Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (b. 1793), who died young. Prince Hohenlohe died at

Lunéville Lunéville ( ; German : ''Lünstadt'' ; Lorrain: ''Leneinvile'') is a commune in the northeastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. It is a subprefecture of the department and lies on the river Meurthe at its confluence with the Ve ...

in 1829.

Notes

References

Attribution: * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein, Louis Aloysius, Prince of 1765 births 1829 deaths Princes of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration Marshals of France Military history of France Austrian Empire commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Generals of the Holy Roman Empire Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis Naturalized citizens of France