Los Testigos, also known as the Aparamán range, is a

mountain chain A mountain chain is a row of high mountain summits, a linear sequence of interconnected or related mountains,Whittow, John (1984). ''Dictionary of Physical Geography''. London: Penguin, p 87. . or a contiguous ridge of mountains within a larger mo ...

in Bolívar,

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

.Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) '' Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Volume 1. Introduction.'' Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. pp. 1–61. It consists of four rather small

tepui A tepui , or tepuy (), is a member of a family of table-top mountains or mesas found in northern South America, especially in Venezuela, western Guyana, and northern Brazil. The word tepui means "house of the gods" in the native tongue of the ...

s, forming a bridge between the giant

Auyán-tepui Auyán-tepui (), also spelled Ayan, is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela.Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) '' Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Volume 1. Introduction.'' Mis ...

to the west and

Ptari-tepui Ptari-tepui, also spelled Pu-tari and sometimes called Cerro Budare or Cerro del Budare, is a tepui in Bolívar, Venezuela, Bolívar state, Venezuela. Lying near the centre of the Sierra de Lema, Brewer-Carías, C. (2012)La Sierra de Lema: una bis ...

to the east. The four major peaks of Los Testigos are (west to east):

Aparamán-tepui Aparamán-tepui is the westernmost of the four main tepuis of the Los Testigos chain in Bolívar, Venezuela.Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) '' Flora of the Venezuelan Guayan ...

(2,100 m),

Murisipán-tepui Murisipán-tepui, also spelled Murosipán or Murochiopán, is one of the four main tepuis of the Los Testigos chain in Bolívar, Venezuela.Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) ' ...

(2,350 m),

Tereke-yurén-tepui Tereke-yurén-tepui is one of the four main tepuis of the Los Testigos chain in Bolívar, Venezuela.Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) '' Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Volu ...

(1,900 m), and

Kamarkawarai-tepui Kamarkawarai-tepui, also spelled KamarkaiwaranWistuba, A., P. Harbarth & T. Carow (December 2001) ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' 30(4): 120–125. or Camarcai-barai, is the easternmost and tallest of the four main tepuis of the Los Testigos cha ...

(2,400 m), the latter three sharing a common slope area. There however remains some confusion in the literature regarding the names of these peaks. The Los Testigos chain has a total summit area of around and an estimated slope area of (the collective slope area of the three eastern tepuis being around , with the isolated Aparamán-tepui contributing a further ). The chain is situated entirely within the bounds of

Canaima National Park Canaima National Park () is a park in south-eastern Venezuela that roughly occupies the same area as the La Gran Sabana, Gran Sabana region. It is located in Bolívar State (Venezuela), Bolívar State, reaching the borders with Brazil and Guya ...

. Torres, I.N. & D.D. Martín (November 2007). Mejorando Nuestra Herencia. In line with and to the west of the Los Testigos chain lies the

Los Hermanos Los Hermanos is a Rock music, rock musical group, band from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The group was formed in 1997 by Marcelo Camelo (vocals/guitar/bass guitar), Rodrigo Amarante (guitar/bass guitar/vocals), Rodrigo Barba (drums), and Bruno Medina ...

massif, which consists of two upland peaks: Amaruay-tepui and Padapué-tepui. Both massifs are located northeast of the

Catholic mission Missionary work of the Catholic Church has often been undertaken outside the geographically defined parishes and dioceses by religious orders who have people and material resources to spare, and some of which specialized in missions. Eventually, p ...

at Kamarata. __NOTOC__

Notes

:a. Otto Huber summarised this

toponymic Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper nam ...

confusion as follows: "There is, however, confusion concerning the precise names of the two central mountains; according to Brewer-Carías (1978), Murochiopán-tepui is the name of a smaller lateral mountain of Aparamán, followed to the east by the high Tereke Yurén-tepui and the lower Tucuy-wo-cuyén-tepui, whereas members of the Terramar Foundation expeditions (Steyermark 1986a; Holst 1987; George 1988) apply the name Murisipán-tepui to Brewer's Tereke Yurén-tepui, and the name Tereke-yurén-tepui to Brewer's Tucuy-wo-cuyén-tepui, omitting the name of the smaller lateral mountain of Aparamán-tepui." A yet different sequence (and spelling) of names can be found in, for example, the formal description of '' Heliamphora folliculata'', namely: Murosipan, Aparaman, Tereke-Yuren, and Kamarkaiwaran.Wistuba, A., P. Harbarth & T. Carow (December 2001)
''Heliamphora folliculata'', a new species of ''Heliamphora'' (Sarraceniaceae) from the ‘Los Testigos’ table mountains in the south of Venezuela
''

Carnivorous Plant Newsletter The ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' is the official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS), the largest such organization in the world. It is headquartered in Walnut Creek, California. History and editorship The news ...

'' 30(4): 120–125.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading