This article lists the rulers of

Monaco Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a Sovereign state, sovereign city-state and European microstates, microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Regions of Italy, Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, ...

. Most belong to the

House of Grimaldi The House of Grimaldi is the Dynasty, reigning house of the Monaco, Principality of Monaco. The house was founded in 1160 by Grimaldo Canella in Genoa and became the ruling house of Monaco when François Grimaldi, Francesco Grimaldi captured Mo ...

; exceptions, which consist primarily of the principality's administrators under periods of foreign occupation, are noted.

History

The

, descended from

Otto Canella Otto Canella (born in the middle of the 11th century, died in 1143) was Consul of the Republic of Genoa in 1133, and an ancestor of the House of Grimaldi, the family that currently rules Monaco. According to the 19th-century historian Gustave Sai ...

, a statesman from the

Republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern Maritime republics, maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italy, Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in ...

, and taking their name from his son Grimaldo, were an ancient and prominent Guelphic Genoese family. Members of this family, in the course of the civil strife in Genoa between the

Guelphs and Ghibellines The Guelphs and Ghibellines ( , ; ) were Political faction, factions supporting the Pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman Emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th ...

, were banned from Genoa in 1271 and took refuge in Monaco.

François Grimaldi Francesco Grimaldi (; ), called (from Italian: "''the malicious''") was the Genoese leader of the Guelphs who captured the Rock of Monaco on the night of 8 January 1297. He was the son of Guglielmo Grimaldi by his wife Giacobina or Giacoba, ...

seized the

Rock of Monaco The Rock of Monaco (; ) is a tall monolith on the Mediterranean coast of the Principality of Monaco. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea and the Port Hercules. History The Rock has been a coveted possession from the beginning of the ancient M ...

in 1297, starting the Grimaldi dynasty, under the Genoese sovereignty. The Grimaldis acquired

Menton Menton (; in classical norm or in Mistralian norm, , ; ; or depending on the orthography) is a Commune in France, commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region on the French Riviera, close to the Italia ...

in 1346 and Roquebrune in 1355, enlarging their possessions. These two towns (some 95% of the country's territory) were eventually ceded to

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

by the Franco-Monégasque Treaty in 1861. The Grimaldis used the title of Lord until 1612. Then, Lord Honoré II started using the title of Prince, thereby becoming the first Prince of Monaco. Afterwards, Honoré II secured recognition of his independent

sovereignty Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a state as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body or institution that has the ultimate au ...

from

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

in 1633, and then from France by the Treaty of Péronne in 1641. Since then the area has remained under the control of the Grimaldi family to the present day, except when under French control from 24 February 1793 to 17 May 1814.

Rulers of Monaco

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:70 left:5 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1297 till:2021 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:1300 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:25 start:1300 Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(1,1,1) id:s value:red id:w value:green id:eon value:blue Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Rulers bar:eon PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:6 shift:(0,5) bar:eon color:eon from: 1297 till: 1301 color:s from: 1301 till: 1331 color:w from: 1331 till: 1357 color:s from: 1357 till: 1395 color:w from: 1395 till: 1395 color:s from: 1395 till: 1397 color:w from: 1397 till: 1402 color:s from: 1402 till: 1419 color:w from: 1419 till: 1793 color:s from: 1793 till: 1814 color:w from: 1814 till: end color:s text:

width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:Rulers from: 1297 till: 1301 color:s text:"

François François () is a French language, French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis (given name), Francis. People with the given name * François Amoudruz (1926–2020), French resistance fighter * Voltaire, Fran ...

" from: 1297 till: 1301 color:s text:" Rainier I" from: 1301 till: 1331 color:w text:"

" from: 1331 till: 1357 color:s text:"

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

" from: 1352 till: 1357 color:s text:" Rainier II" from: 1357 till: 1395 color:w text:"

" from: 1395 till: 1395 color:s text:"

Louis Louis may refer to: People * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer Other uses * Louis (coin), a French coin * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also ...

" from: 1395 till: 1395 color:s text:" Jean I" from: 1395 till: 1397 color:w text:"

" from: 1397 till: 1402 color:s text:"

" from: 1402 till: 1419 color:w text:"

" from: 1419 till: 1427 color:s text:"

Ambroise Ambroise, sometimes Ambroise of Normandy,This form appeared first in (flourished ) was a Norman poet and chronicler of the Third Crusade, author of a work called ', which describes in rhyming Old French verse the adventures of as a crusade">-4; ...

" from: 1419 till: 1427 color:s text:"

Antoine Antoine is a French language, French given name (from the Latin ''Antonius'' meaning 'highly praise-worthy') that is a variant of Danton (name), Danton, Titouan, D'Anton and Antonin. The name is most common in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada ...

" from: 1419 till: 1454 color:s text:" Jean I" from: 1454 till: 1457 color:s text:" Catalan" from: 1457 till: 1458 color:s text:" Claudine" from: 1458 till: 1494 color:s text:" Lamberto" from: 1494 till: 1505 color:s text:"

Jean II Jean II may refer to: * Jean II D' Hayti (c. 1978-present) count of Nwo * Jean II de Trie (c. 1225–1302), Count of Dammartin * Jean II Duke of Brabant (1275–1312), John the Peaceful, Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg * Jean II de La Tour ...

" from: 1505 till: 1523 color:s text:"

Lucien Lucien is a male given name. It is the French form of Luciano (disambiguation), Luciano or Latin ''Lucianus'', patronymic of Lucius. People Given name *Lucien, 3rd Prince Murat (1803–1878), French politician and Prince of Pontecorvo *Lucien ...

" from: 1523 till: 1581 color:s text:" Honoré I" from: 1581 till: 1589 color:s text:" Charles II" from: 1589 till: 1604 color:s text:" Ercole" from: 1604 till: 1662 color:s text:" Honoré II" from: 1662 till: 1701 color:s text:"

Louis I Louis I may refer to: Cardinals * Louis I, Cardinal of Guise (1527–1578) Counts * Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158) * Louis I of Blois (1172–1205) * Louis I of Flanders (1304–1346) * Louis I of Châtillon (died 13 ...

" from: 1701 till: 1731 color:s text:" Antonio I" from: 1731 till: 1731 color:s text:" Louise Hippolyte" from: 1731 till: 1733 color:s text:" Jacques I" from: 1733 till: 1793 color:s text:" Honoré III" from: 1793 till: 1804 color:w text:"

First French Republic In the history of France, the First Republic (), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted u ...

" from: 1804 till: 1814 color:w text:"

First French Empire The First French Empire or French Empire (; ), also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from ...

" from: 1814 till: 1819 color:s text:"

Honoré IV Honoré is a name of French origin and may refer to several people or places: Given name Sovereigns of Monaco Lords of Monaco * Honoré I of Monaco Princes of Monaco * Honoré II of Monaco * Honoré III of Monaco * Honoré IV of Monaco * Honor� ...

" from: 1819 till: 1841 color:s text:" Honoré V" from: 1841 till: 1856 color:s text:"

Florestan Florestan (Tancrède Florestan Roger Louis Grimaldi; 10 October 1785 in Paris – 20 June 1856) was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 2 October 1841 until his death in 1856. He was the second son of Prince Honoré IV and Louise d ...

" from: 1856 till: 1889 color:s text:"

Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

" from: 1889 till: 1922 color:s text:"

Albert I Albert I may refer to: People Born before 1300 * Albert I, Count of Vermandois (917–987) * Albert I, Count of Namur () * Albert I of Moha *Albert I of Brandenburg (), first margrave of Brandenburg * Albert I, Margrave of Meissen (1158–1195) *Al ...

" from: 1922 till: 1949 color:s text:" Louis II" from: 1949 till: 2005 color:s text:"

Rainier III Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) was Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005. Rainier ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years. Rainier was born at the Prince's Pala ...

" from: 2005 till: end color:s text:" Albert II" barset:skip LineData = layer:front

References

Sources

* ''Burke's Royal Families of the World, Vol. 1: Europe and Latin America''. London: Burke's Publishing Co., 1977. * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Rulers of Monaco

Monaco history-related lists