''Lophiotoma'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s, marine
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Turridae
Turridae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family name for a number of predatory sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). ...
, the turrids.
Fossils of this genus have been found in many places in the Indo-Pacific, but also going as far back as 61.7 Ma in
paleocene
The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), ...
strata of
Alabama
Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...
, USA.
Original description
Although having the small smooth embryo of a single
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
, polished surface and obsolete lines of growth, characterizing ''Pleurotoma'' (now ''
Turris
''Turris'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turridae, the turrids.
Description
The generally large shells are variegated with spots. The fusiform shell is turriculated with a long, sharp spire. The aperture is o ...
''), this genus may be recognized at once by the relatively shorter and stouter form as a rule, less elongate and straighter beak, which is strongly tapering in certain large forms like line ''unedo'', finer, more acutely elevated and less close-set spiral carinae, with a usually distinct and even, finely lineolate concavity from the peripheral carina to the suture or subsutural collar, the latter being generally present and by the deep anal sinus formed centrally on, and not behind, the peripheral carina, the latter being more strongly elevated and
usually subduplex.
Species
Species within the genus ''Lophiotoma'' include:
* ''
Lophiotoma abbreviata''
(Reeve, 1843)
* ''
Lophiotoma acuta''
(Perry, 1811)
* ''
Lophiotoma bisaya''
Olivera, 2004
* ''
Lophiotoma bratasusa''
Puillandre, Fedosov, Zaharias, Aznar-Cormano & Kantor, 2017
* ''
Lophiotoma brevicaudata''
(Reeve, 1843)
* ''
Lophiotoma capricornica''
Olivera, 2004
* ''
Lophiotoma dickkilburni''
Olivera, 2004
* ''
Lophiotoma friedrichbonhoefferi''
Olivera, 2004
* ''
Lophiotoma hejingorum''
Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018
* ''
Lophiotoma jickelii''
(Weinkauff, 1875)
* ''
Lophiotoma kina''
Puillandre, Fedosov, Zaharias, Aznar-Cormano & Kantor, 2017
* ''
Lophiotoma koolhoveni''
(Oostingh, 1938)
* ''
Lophiotoma leucotropis''
(A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
* ''
Lophiotoma madagascarensis''
Olivera, 2004
* ''
Lophiotoma natalensis''
Bozzetti, 2016
* ''
Lophiotoma panglaoensis''
Olivera, 2004
* ''
Lophiotoma picturata''
(Weinkauff, 1876)
* ''
Lophiotoma polytropa''
(Helbling, 1779)
* ''
Lophiotoma pseudoannulata''
Dell, 1990
* ''
Lophiotoma pseudocosmoi''
Baoquan Li & Xinzheng Li, 2008
* ''
Lophiotoma ruthveniana''
(Melvill, 1923)
* ''
Lophiotoma semfala''
Puillandre, Fedosov, Zaharias, Aznar-Cormano & Kantor, 2017
* ''
Lophiotoma tayabasensis''
Olivera, 2004
* ''
Lophiotoma verticala''
Baoquan Li & Xinzheng Li, 2008
* ''
Lophiotoma vezzaroi''
Cossignani, 2015
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Lophiotoma albina''
(Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''
Gemmula albina
''Gemmula albina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Gemmula albina (Lamarck, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://ww ...
''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Lophiotoma babylonia''
(Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''
Turris babylonia
''Turris babylonia'', common name: the Babylon turrid or tower turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Turridae, the turrids.
Synonyms
* ''Lophiotoma babylonia'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Murex b ...
''
(Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Lophiotoma cerithiformis'' : synonym of ''
Daphnella lirata''
(Reeve, 1845)
* ''Lophiotoma cingulifera''
(Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''
Iotyrris cingulifera''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Lophiotoma indica''
(Röding, 1798): synonym of ''
Unedogemmula indica''
(Röding, 1798)
* ''Lophiotoma notata''
(G.B. Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of ''
Iotyrris notata''
(G. B. Sowerby III, 1889)
* ''Lophiotoma olangoensis''
Olivera, 2002: synonym of ''
Iotyrris olangoensis''
(Olivera, 2002) (original combination)
* ''Lophiotoma tigrina''
Lamarck, 1822:
synonym of ''
Lophiotoma acuta''
(Perry, 1811)
* ''Lophiotoma (Xenuroturris) incredula'' ''Iredale, T., 1931'': synonym of ''Iotyrris cingulifera cingulifera''
(Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1822)
References
* Kilburn, R.N. (1983) ''Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 1. Subfamily Turrinae''. Annals of the Natal Museum, 25, 549–585
* A. K. Dey. 1961. ''The Miocene Mollusca from Quilon, Kerala (India)''. Palaeontologica Indica 36
* H. S. Ladd. 1982. ''Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Volutidae through Terebridae)''. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1171:1-100
* F. S. MacNeil. 1960. ''Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa: A comparison of the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Gastropoda of Okinawa with related faunas of East Asia together with a resume of the geological setting of the fossiliferous deposits.'' United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 339:1-148
* J. J. Sepkoski. 2002. ''A compendium of fossil marine animal genera''. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560
External links
A.W.B. Powell, The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1. The subfamily Turrinae; Indo-Pacific mollusca, vol. 1 pages: 227--346 Tucker, J.K. 2004 ''Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)''. Zootaxa 682:1-1295.Olivera, Baldomero. "Larger forms in Lophiotoma: four new species described in the Philippines and three from elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific." Science Diliman 16.1 (2004).Puillandre N., Fedosov A.E., Zaharias P., Aznar-Cormano L. & Kantor Y.I. (2017). A quest for the lost types of Lophiotoma (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae): integrative taxonomy in a nomenclatural mess. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 181: 243-271
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3172911
*
Taxa named by Thomas Lincoln Casey Jr.