Lonicera Micrantha

''Lonicera tatarica'' is a species of honeysuckle known by the common name Tatarian honeysuckle. Native to Asia, the plant is one of several exotic bush honeysuckles present in North America, being considered an invasive species there.

Description

''Lonicera tatarica'' is a bushy shrub which may approach in height. The twigs can be an array of colors from green to brown with a hollow brown pith. The plant is lined with oval or rounded simple leaves long. The leaves and stem range from long, wide. They are egg shaped and both hairless and toothless.

The inflorescence ranges in color from deep rose to light pink, and can also be white. The petals are typically long, with a slender tube and 2 lips. The upper lip contains 4 lobes, the middle two erect and fused near the base. The white to pink to crimson red flowers are each about long, their stamens and styles protruding. The fruit is a shiny orange or red seed-containing berry less than 1'' ''cm wide. The berries are attractive to wildlife. The plant forms thickets and spreads easily when birds and other animals consume the fruits. The flowers have a sweet smell that is reminiscent of honeysuckle.

In cultivation, ''L. tatarica'' has hybridized with other shrubby species of ''Lonicera''. Crossed with '' L. morrowii'', it forms the invasive hybrid ''L.'' × ''bella''. It can also hybridize with '' L. ruprechtiana'' and '' L. xylosteum''.

Distribution and habitat

''L. tatarica'' is native to Siberia and other parts of eastern Asia, especially China. It is also known to grow in the Himalayas. After being introduced to North America as an ornamental plant in 1752, became a widespread introduced species and noxious weed. It is known across the continent west to Alaska and California, where it easily grows in disturbed habitat.

Its preferred environment is partial sun with moist, loamy soil. It is also able to grow in full shade or sun, and in dry or sandy soils.

Ecology

The species threatens native habitats because the plants grow quickly and form thick, impenetrable mats that smother their competitors. It most commonly invades thickets, open woodlands, roadsides and fence rows. Animals such as birds and mammals disperse the seeds, causing a rapid spread which often leads to a dense understory thicket that not only restricts native plant growth but also inhibits biodiversity. Once ''L. tatarica'' is introduced into an environment, it is hard to control the growth of the plant in nature because honeysuckles grow at high density. In addition to high densities, ''L. tatarica'' has the ability to suppress the growth of other native plants in the area, thus creating monocultures. Problems reported with the invasion of ''L. tatarica'' include depletion of soil moisture and nutrients, allelopathic chemicals functioning to chemically alter the growth of native plants, and reductions in the density of tree seedlings in the area.

The wood invokes a behavioural response in about half of domestic cats. Of cats that do not respond to catnip, one third respond to Tatarian honeysuckle.

In its native habitat, Tatarian honeysuckle is a host plant to at least 16 Lepidoptera species, including ''Limenitis camilla'', ''Limenitis helmanni'' and ''Perittia sibirica.''

Toxicity

The species has a low poisonous severity level to humans, with no reports of its fatal consumption. Eating its berries is not recommended, causing symptoms including diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain.

References

External links

Jepson Manual TreatmentPhoto gallery

{{Taxonbar, from=Q158546

tatarica
Plants described in 1753
Flora of Siberia
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus