Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family

Caprifoliaceae The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and ...

, native to northern

latitude In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north– south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from –90° at the south pole to 90° at the north po ...

s in North America and

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelag ...

. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both continents. Widely known species include ''

Lonicera periclymenum ''Lonicera periclymenum'', common names honeysuckle, common honeysuckle, European honeysuckle, or woodbine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to much of Europe, North Africa, Turkey and the Caucasus. It is found ...

'' (common honeysuckle or woodbine), ''

Lonicera japonica ''Lonicera japonica'', known as Japanese honeysuckle and golden-and-silver honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle native to eastern Asia. It is often grown as an ornamental plant, but has become an invasive species in a number of countries. Ja ...

'' (Japanese honeysuckle, white honeysuckle, or Chinese honeysuckle) and ''

Lonicera sempervirens ''Lonicera sempervirens'' (commonly known as coral honeysuckle, trumpet honeysuckle, or scarlet honeysuckle) is a species of honeysuckle vine native to the eastern United States which is known for its reddish flowers. Description ''Lonicera sem ...

'' (coral honeysuckle, trumpet honeysuckle, or woodbine honeysuckle). ''L. japonica'' is an aggressive, highly

invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species adv ...

considered a significant pest on the

continent A continent is any of several large landmasses. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven geographical regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in area to smallest, these seven ...

s of North America, Europe, South America, Australia, and Africa. Some species are highly fragrant and colorful, so are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. In North America,

hummingbird Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics ar ...

s are attracted to the flowers, especially ''L. sempervirens'' and ''L. ciliosa'' (orange honeysuckle). Honeysuckle derives its name from the edible sweet nectar obtainable from its tubular flowers. The name ''Lonicera'' stems from

Adam Lonicer Adam Lonicer, Adam Lonitzer or Adamus Lonicerus (10 October 1528 – 29 May 1586) was a German botanist, noted for his 1557 revised version of Eucharius Rösslin's herbal. Lonicer was born in Marburg, the son of a theologian and philologist. He ...

, a Renaissance botanist.

Description

Most species of ''Lonicera'' are

hardy Hardy may refer to: People * Hardy (surname) * Hardy (given name) * Hardy (singer), American singer-songwriter Places Antarctica * Mount Hardy, Enderby Land * Hardy Cove, Greenwich Island * Hardy Rocks, Biscoe Islands Australia * Hardy, South ...

twining climbers, with a minority of shrubby habit. Some species (including ''

Lonicera hildebrandiana ''Lonicera hildebrandiana'', the giant Burmese honeysuckle, is a species of flowering plant in the family (botany), family Caprifoliaceae, native to southeast Asia, in China (Guanxi and Yunnan), Thailand and Burma. Growing to at least tall and ...

'' from the Himalayan foothills and '' L. etrusca'' from the Mediterranean) are tender and can only be grown outside in subtropical zones. The leaves are opposite, simple oval, 1–10 cm long; most are

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, a ...

but some are

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...

. Many of the species have sweetly scented,

bilaterally symmetrical Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. External symmetry can be easily seen by just looking at an organism. For example, take the face of a human being which has a pla ...

flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism ...

s that produce a sweet, edible nectar, and most flowers are borne in clusters of two (leading to the common name of "twinberry" for certain North American species). Both shrubby and vining sorts have strongly fibrous stems which have been used for binding and textiles. The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in partic ...

is a red, blue or black spherical or elongated

berry A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, rasp ...

containing several seeds; in most species the berries are mildly

poison Poison is a chemical substance that has a detrimental effect to life. The term is used in a wide range of scientific fields and industries, where it is often specifically defined. It may also be applied colloquially or figuratively, with a broa ...

ous, but in a few (notably ''

Lonicera caerulea ''Lonicera caerulea'', also known by its common names blue honeysuckle, sweetberry honeysuckle, fly honeysuckle (blue fly honeysuckle), blue-berried honeysuckle, or the honeyberry, is a non-climbing honeysuckle native throughout the cool temper ...

'') they are edible and grown for home use and commerce. Most honeysuckle berries are attractive to wildlife, which has led to species such as ''L. japonica'' and ''L. maackii'' spreading invasively outside of their home ranges. Many species of ''Lonicera'' are eaten by the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Th ...

e of some Lepidoptera species—see a list of Lepidoptera that feed on honeysuckles.

Invasive species

The spread of ''L. japonica'' in North America began in the United States in 1806, when it was widely cultivated by the 1860s. It was first discovered in Canada in

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central C ...

forests in 1976, and became invasive by 2007. ''L. japonica'' was introduced in Australia between 1820-40. Several species of honeysuckle have become invasive when introduced outside their native range, particularly in North America, Europe, South America, Australia, and Africa. Invasive species include '' L. japonica'', '' L. maackii'', '' L. morrowii'', '' L. tatarica'', and the hybrid between the last two, ''L.'' × ''bella''.

Cultivation

Honeysuckles are valued as garden plants, for their ability to cover unsightly walls and outbuildings, their profuse tubular flowers in early summer, and the intense fragrance of many varieties. The hardy climbing types need their roots in shade, and their flowering tops in sunlight or very light shade. Varieties need to be chosen with care, as they can become substantial. Cultivars of the dense, small-leaved '' L. nitida'' are used as low, narrow hedges. The following

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...

s have gained the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (No ...

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...

: *''L.'' × ''heckrottii'' ‘Gold Flame’ *''L.'' ‘Mandarin’ *''L.'' × ''purpusii'' 'Winter Beauty' *''L.'' × ''tellmanniana'' Other

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture ...

s are dealt with under their species names. The honeysuckle species ''

'' is grown as a commercial crop for

traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medicine, alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", with the majority of its treatments having no logica ...

use.

Phytochemicals and sensory effects

Honeysuckle is renowned for its colorful,

fragrant An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance or flavoring, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. For an individual chemical or class of chemical compounds to impart a smell or fragrance, it must be sufficiently vol ...

flowers and variously colored fruit, indicating the presence of complex

phytochemical Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants, generally to help them resist fungi, bacteria and plant virus infections, and also consumption by insects and other animals. The name comes . Some phytochemicals have been used as poison ...

s underlying these properties. Component analyses of berries from 27 different

s and 3

genotype The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location. The number of alleles an individual can have in a ...

s of edible honeysuckle (''Lonicera caerulea'' var. ''kamtschatica'') showed the presence of

iridoid Iridoids are a type of monoterpenoids in the general form of cyclopentanopyran, found in a wide variety of plants and some animals. They are biosynthetically derived from 8-oxogeranial. Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides, m ...

anthocyanin Anthocyanins (), also called anthocyans, are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart gave the name Anthokyan to a chemical co ...

flavonol Flavonols are a class of flavonoids that have the 3-hydroxyflavone backbone (IUPAC name : 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one). Their diversity stems from the different positions of the phenolic -OH groups. They are distinct from flavanols (with " ...

flavanonol The flavanonols (with two "o"s a.k.a. 3-hydroxyflavanone or 2,3-dihydroflavonol) are a class of flavonoids that use the 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one (IUPAC name) backbone. Some examples include: * Taxifolin (or Dihydroquercetin) * ...

s, flavones,

flavan-3-ol Flavan-3-ols (sometimes referred to as flavanols) are a subgroup of flavonoids. They are derivatives of flavans that possess a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2''H''-chromen-3-ol skeleton. Flavan-3-ols are structurally diverse and include a range of comp ...

s, and

phenolic acid Phenolic acids or phenolcarboxylic acids are types of aromatic acid compounds. Included in that class are substances containing a phenolic ring and an organic carboxylic acid function (C6-C1 skeleton). Two important naturally occurring types of ph ...

s. While sugars determine the level of sweetness in the berries,

organic acid An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are ...

s and

polyphenol Polyphenols () are a large family of naturally occurring organic compounds characterized by multiples of phenol units. They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. Polyphenols include flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some o ...

s are responsible for the sour taste and tartness. Some 51 of the same compounds in berries are found in flowers, although the proportions of these compounds varied among cultivars studied.

Interaction with other species

Many insects in the order Lepidoptera visit honeysuckles as a food source. An example of this is the moth ''

Deilephila elpenor Deilephila elpenor, the elephant hawk moth or large elephant hawk moth, is a moth in the family Sphingidae. Its common name is derived from the caterpillar's resemblance to an elephant's trunk. It is most common in central Europe and is distribut ...

''. This nocturnal species of moth is especially attracted to honeysuckles, and they visit the flowers at night to feed on their nectar.

Selected species

Some 180 species of ''Lonicera'' are documented. :''

Lonicera acuminata ''Lonicera acuminata'', commonly known as fragrant grove honeysuckle or vine honeysuckle, is a plant species of honeysuckle native to China to Southeast Asia and India. Taxonomy The taxonomy of this very variable species is not sufficiently unde ...

'' or ''Lonicera pampaninii'' – fragrant grove honeysuckle or vine honeysuckle :'' Lonicera albiflora'' – white honeysuckle :'' Lonicera alpigena'' – alpine honeysuckle :'' Lonicera altmannii'' : ''Lonicera'' × ''americana'' :''

Lonicera angustifolia Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera anisocalyx Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera arborea Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :'' Lonicera arizonica'' – Arizona honeysuckle : ''Lonicera'' × ''bella'' – Bell's honeysuckle or showy fly honeysuckle :''

Lonicera biflora Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or Vine#Twining vines, twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identi ...

'' :''

Lonicera bournei Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera brevisepala Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera buchananii Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :''

Lonicera buddleioides Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

'' – blue-berried honeysuckle :'' Lonicera calcarata'' :''

Lonicera calvescens Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :''

Lonicera canadensis ''Lonicera canadensis'' (American fly honeysuckle or Canada fly honeysuckle) is a flowering deciduous, perennial, phanerophytic shrub which is monoclinous and grows tall. It typically flowers from the last week of April until the third or fo ...

'' – Canada fly honeysuckle, American fly honeysuckle :''

Lonicera caprifolium ''Lonicera caprifolium'', the Italian woodbine, perfoliate honeysuckle, goat-leaf honeysuckle, Italian honeysuckle, or perfoliate woodbine, is a species of perennial flowering plants in the genus ''Lonicera'' of the family Caprifoliaceae. It is n ...

'' – goat-leaf honeysuckle, perfoliate honeysuckle :''

Lonicera carnosifolis Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera cerviculata ''Lonicera cerviculata'' is a shrub in the genus ''Lonicera'', family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Sierra Madre Occidental The Sierra Madre Occidental is a major mountain range system of the North American Cordillera, that runs northwest– ...

'' :''

Lonicera chrysantha Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' – Chrysantha honeysuckle :''

Lonicera ciliosa ''Lonicera ciliosa'', the orange honeysuckle or western trumpet honeysuckle is a honeysuckle native to forests of western North America. A deciduous shrub growing to tall with hollow twigs, the leaves are opposite, oval, long with the last pair ...

'' – orange honeysuckle :'' Lonicera ciliosissima'' :''

Lonicera cinerea Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :'' Lonicera codonantha'' :'' Lonicera confusa'' :'' Lonicera conjugialis'' – purpleflower honeysuckle :'' Lonicera crassifolia'' :''

Lonicera cyanocarpa Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera dasystyla Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or Vine#Twining vines, twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identi ...

'' – Tonkinese honeysuckle :''

Lonicera dioica ''Lonicera dioica'' (limber honeysuckle, glaucous honeysuckle) is a vine in the honeysuckle family The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, ...

'' – limber honeysuckle :''

Lonicera elisae Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera etrusca ''Lonicera etrusca'' is a species of honeysuckle known by the common name Etruscan honeysuckle. It is native to Southern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa and it is known elsewhere, including the Pacific Northwest of North America, as an intr ...

'' – Etruscan honeysuckle :''

Lonicera fargesii Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :'' Lonicera ferdinandii'' :'' Lonicera ferruginea'' :''

Lonicera flava ''Lonicera flava'' (commonly known as yellow honeysuckle) is a species of honeysuckle native to the central and eastern United States. It is a woody vine with yellow-orange flowers that are slightly fragrant. Description ''Lonicera flava'' is ...

'' – yellow honeysuckle :''

Lonicera fragilis Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera fragrantissima ''Lonicera fragrantissima'' is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, known by the common names winter-flowering honeysuckle, fragrant honeysuckle, kiss-me-at-the-gate, and sweet breath of spring. It is native to ...

'' – winter honeysuckle :''

Lonicera fulvotomentosa Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :''

Lonicera glutinosa Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera graebneri Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera gynochlamydea Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera × heckrottii ''Lonicera'' × ''heckrottii'', the golden flame honeysuckle, is a plant in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae, grown in gardens for its showy flowers and long season of bloom. Description ''Lonicera'' × ''heckrottii'' is a vine with oppos ...

'' – Golden flame honeysuckle :''

Lonicera hellenica Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' – Greek honeysuckle :''

Lonicera hemsleyana Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :'' Lonicera heterophylla'' :''

'' – giant Burmese honeysuckle :''

Lonicera hirsuta Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' – hairy honeysuckle :''

Lonicera hispida Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera hispidula The perennial vine ''Lonicera hispidula'' is a species of honeysuckle known as pink honeysuckle and, less often, California honeysuckle. It is a low-elevation woodlands shrub or vine found on the West Coast of North America. Description Like ot ...

'' – pink honeysuckle :'' Lonicera humilis'' :''

Lonicera hypoglauca Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera hypoleuca Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :''

Lonicera implexa ''Lonicera implexa'', the evergreen honeysuckle, is a species of shrub in the family Caprifoliaceae The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, ...

'' :''

Lonicera inconspicua Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera inodora Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera interrupta ''Lonicera interrupta'', commonly known as chaparral honeysuckle, is a species of plant found in the western United States. It is native to chaparral and mixed forest habitats in the foothills and mountain ranges of California, and to some mounta ...

'' – Chaparral honeysuckle :''

Lonicera involucrata ''Lonicera involucrata'', the bearberry honeysuckle, bracted honeysuckle, twinberry honeysuckle, Californian Honeysuckle, twin-berry, or black twinberry, is a species of honeysuckle native to northern and western North America. Distribution ...

'' – bearberry honeysuckle :''

'' – Japanese honeysuckle :'' Lonicera jilongensis'' :''

Lonicera kansuensis Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera kawakamii Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :''

Lonicera korolkowii Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or Vine#Twining vines, twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identi ...

'' – blueleaf honeysuckle :''

Lonicera lanceolata Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :''

Lonicera ligustrina ''Lonicera ligustrina'' (女贞叶忍冬, ''nü zhen ye ren dong'') is a species of honeysuckle found in Bhutan, India, Nepal, and China. It grows as an evergreen, semi-evergreen, or deciduous shrub approximately 1.5-2.5 meters in height, with l ...

'' :''

Lonicera litangensis Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :'' Lonicera longiflora'' :'' Lonicera longituba'' :''

Lonicera maackii ''Lonicera maackii'', the Amur honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle in the family Caprifoliaceae that is native to temperate western Asia; specifically in northern and western China south to Yunnan, Mongolia, Primorsky Krai in southeastern S ...

'' – Amur honeysuckle :''

Lonicera macrantha Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :''

Lonicera macranthoides Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :''

Lonicera maximowiczii Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' :''

Lonicera microphylla Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :'' Lonicera minuta'' :''

Lonicera minutifolia Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera modesta Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

Lonicera morrowii ''Lonicera morrowii'', the Morrow's honeysuckle, is a deciduous honeysuckle in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to Japan, Korea, and Northeast China. It is a shrub, reaching a height of 2–2.5 m, with oblong leaves 4–6 cm long. I ...

'' – Morrow's honeysuckle :''

Lonicera mucronata Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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Lonicera myrtillus Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

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Lonicera nervosa Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

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Lonicera nigra ''Lonicera nigra'', known in English as black-berried honeysuckle is a bush honeysuckle native to the mountains of central and southern Europe. References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q163141 nigra Nigra may refer to: Geography * Cast ...

'' – black-berried honeysuckle :'' Lonicera nitida'' – boxleaf honeysuckle :''

Lonicera nubium Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :'' Lonicera nummulariifolia'' :''

Lonicera oblata Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

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Lonicera oblongifolia ''Lonicera oblongifolia,'' also known as the swamp honeysuckle and swamp fly honeysuckle is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae. Its native range is the US and Canada. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q17435078 ...

'' – swamp fly honeysuckle :''

Lonicera oiwakensis Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :'' Lonicera oreodoxa'' :'' Lonicera orientalis'' :''

Lonicera paradoxa Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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'' – (common) honeysuckle, European honeysuckle, or woodbine :''

Lonicera pileata ''Lonicera pileata'', known as box-leaved honeysuckle or privet honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle native to central and southwestern China, and is a garden plant elsewhere. It is a low, ground-covering shrub growing to 1 m tall. The leav ...

'' – privet honeysuckle :'' Lonicera pilosa'' – Mexican honeysuckle :''

Lonicera praeflorens Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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Lonicera prostrata Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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Lonicera pyrenaica ''Lonicera pyrenaica'', commonly known as Pyrenean honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North A ...

'' – Pyrenean honeysuckle :''

Lonicera quinquelocularis ''Lonicera quinquelocularis,'' known as translucent honeysuckle is a species of honeysuckle native to Afghanistan and China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most pop ...

'' – translucent honeysuckle :''

Lonicera reticulata ''Lonicera reticulata'', commonly called grape honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle that is native to North America. It is a perennial vine that produces creamy white or yellow flowers that age to pink in late spring. References retic ...

'' – grape honeysuckle :''

Lonicera retusa Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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Lonicera rhytidophylla Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

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Lonicera rupicola Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

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Lonicera ruprechtiana ''Lonicera ruprechtiana'', the Manchurian honeysuckle, is a deciduous honeysuckle in the family ''Caprifoliaceae'', native to Northeast Asia. It was first described by Eduard August von Regel Eduard August von Regel (sometimes Edward von Reg ...

'' – Manchurian honeysuckle :''

Lonicera saccata Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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Lonicera schneideriana Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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Lonicera semenovii Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

'' :''

'' – trumpet honeysuckle :'' Lonicera serreana'' :''

Lonicera setifera Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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Lonicera similis ''Lonicera similis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to Western China. This honeysuckle is known in cultivation by the variety ''delavayi'' (the Delavay honeysuckle) which is reported by some authorities ...

'' – var. ''delavayi'' – Delavay honeysuckle :''

Lonicera spinosa Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

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Lonicera splendida Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' – evergreen honeysuckle :''

Lonicera standishii Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

'' – Standish's honeysuckle :''

Lonicera stephanocarpa Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

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Lonicera subaequalis Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :'' Lonicera subhispida'' :''

Lonicera sublabiata Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

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Lonicera subspicata ''Lonicera subspicata'' is a species of honeysuckle known by the common name southern honeysuckle. It is native to Baja California, California, and northern Baja California Sur, where it is known from several areas in mountain and coastal habitat ...

'' – southern honeysuckle :''

Lonicera szechuanica Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :'' Lonicera taipeiensis'' :''

Lonicera tangutica Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

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Lonicera tatarica ''Lonicera tatarica'' is a species of honeysuckle known by the common name Tatarian honeysuckle. Native to Eurasia, the plant is one of several exotic bush honeysuckles present in North America, being considered an invasive species there. Descrip ...

'' – Tatarian honeysuckle :'' Lonicera tatarinowii'' :'' Lonicera tomentella'' :''

Lonicera tragophylla ''Lonicera tragophylla'', the Chinese honeysuckle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to Central China, where it inhabits forest, scrub and rocky crevices. Growing to tall by wide, it is a deciduous climbin ...

'' – Chinese honeysuckle :''

Lonicera tricalysioides Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both conti ...

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Lonicera trichogyne Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both contin ...

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Lonicera trichosantha Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the genus ''Lonicera'' () of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in both con ...

'' :'' Lonicera tubuliflora'' :''

Lonicera utahensis ''Lonicera utahensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family known by the common names Utah honeysuckle, red twinberry, and fly honeysuckle. It is native to western North America from British Columbia, Washington (state), and ...

'' – Utah honeysuckle :''

Lonicera villosa ''Lonicera villosa'', also known as mountain fly honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle native to North America. Growth ''Lonicera villosa'' is a small bush, ranging from 1 to 5 feet in height. The elongated white flowers grow in clusters, ...

'' – mountain fly honeysuckle :'' Lonicera virgultorum'' :'' Lonicera webbiana'' :''

Lonicera xylosteum ''Lonicera xylosteum'', commonly known as fly honeysuckle, European fly honeysuckle, dwarf honeysuckle or fly woodbine is a deciduous shrub. The glossy red (or occasionally yellow) berries of this shrub are mildly poisonous to humans –& ...

'' – fly woodbine :'' Lonicera yunnanensis'' Several fossil species are known from the

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" ...

of Asia. Honeysuckle-1.jpg, ''Lonicera japonica'' Lonicera ciliosa 13310.JPG, ''L. ciliosa'' Lonicera japonica, Fruit.JPG, ''L. japonica'' fruit Lonicera hispidula 3080.JPG, ''L. hispidula'' Lonicera sempervirens 5.JPG, ''L. sempervirens'' Rusokuusama Lonicera tatarica.jpg, ''L. tatarica'' Honeysuckle .jpg, ''L.caprifolium'', Chèvrefeuille Bloemknoppen van een Kamperfoelie (Lonicera) 26-07-2020 (d.j.b.) 01.jpg, flower buds.

References

External links

Flora of China: ''Lonicera'' species list
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q156047 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus