Lomse was a
quarter of eastern
Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was na ...
in Germany (now
Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...
, Russia). Lomse was located on the western end of Lomse Island in the
Pregel River; the large island is now known as
October Island
''October Island'' is a novel by United States, American author William March, first published in 1952 by Little, Brown (in the United States) and Gollancz (in the United Kingdom). The book is not currently in print.
While there were plenty of r ...
(russian: Октябрьский остров). The Neuer Pregel, the northern branch of the river, separated Lomse from
Kneiphof
Coat of arms of Kneiphof
Postcard of Kneiphöfsche Langgasse
Reconstruction of Kneiphof in Kaliningrad's museum
Kneiphof (russian: Кнайпхоф; pl, Knipawa; lt, Knypava) was a quarter of central Königsberg (Kaliningrad). During the ...
to the west,
Altstadt
''Altstadt'' is the German language word for "old town", and generally refers to the historical town or city centre within the old town or city wall, in contrast to younger suburbs outside. '' Neustadt'' (new town), the logical opposite of ''Alt ...
to the northwest, and
Löbenicht View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche
Löbenicht ( lt, Lyvenikė; pl, Lipnik) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest ...
to the north. Lomse's territory is now part of Kaliningrad's
Moskovsky District and Lomse is now known as
Oktyabrsky Island, in honor of the
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...
.
History
Lomse's name was of
Old Prussian
Old Prussian was a Western Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European languages, which was once spoken by the Old Prussians, the Baltic peoples of the Prussian region. The language is called Old Prussian to avoid co ...
origin and referred to marshland. Only the western end of the island was heavily developed, with the remainder consisting mostly of meadows. The land was granted to Altstadt in 1286 and was initially used as a lumberyard and then as a warehouse quarter. Kneiphof feared that Altstadt's control of Lomse would lead to a trade war; in 1434 Grand Master
Paul von Rusdorf
Paul von Rusdorf (c. 1385 - 1441) was the 29th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1422 to 1441.
The Treaty of Melno was one of von Rusdorf's first acts; it brought stability to the Order and its relations, but fighting resumed ...
negotiated a compromise in which only sties and barns would be built at a prescribed distance from the river.
By the ''Rathäusliche Reglement'' of 13 June 1724, King
Frederick William I of Prussia
Frederick William I (german: Friedrich Wilhelm I.; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the "Soldier King" (german: Soldatenkönig), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Ne ...
merged Altstadt and Lomse into the united city of Königsberg.
Locations
Prominent roads in northern Lomse were the western Vorderlomse and eastern Hinterlomse. The latter was also known as Seilerbahn because of the rope produced there (see also
Reeperbahn
The Reeperbahn () is a street and entertainment district in Hamburg's St. Pauli district, one of the two centres of Hamburg's nightlife (the other being Sternschanze) and also the city's major red-light district. In German, it is also nickn ...
).
Lomse was connected to Altstadt and Löbenicht by the northern Holzbrücke (Wood Bridge), constructed by the burghers of Altstadt in 1404.
[Mühlpfordt, p. 92] This bridge connected with Lindenstraße, which was originally the Ochsenmarkt (oxen market) and then a grain market. In 1838 53
linden trees were planted there; locals called it the Lindenmarkt (linden market). Much of Königsberg's
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
population was settled along Lindenstraße and the neighboring shores of the Pregel.
Approval of the southern Hohe Brücke (High Bridge) to connect Lomse with
Haberberg over the southern Alter Pregel was granted in 1377, but it was not until 1500-20 that the bridge, then known as the Newe Brücke, was actually built.
Burghers from insular Kneiphof began to settle in Lomse after the completion of the Honigbrücke (Honey Bridge) connected the two islands in 1542.
King
Frederick II financed a
mulberry plantation (''Plantage'') in Lomse in 1742, but the plants froze during the harsh winter of 1771. The
Protestant
Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...
Kreuzkirche
The Dresden Kreuzkirche (Church of the Holy Cross) is a Lutheran church in Dresden, Germany. It is the main church and seat of the '' Landesbischof'' of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony, and the largest church building in the Free State ...
was built along the Plantage from 1930 to 1933.
The
liberal
Liberal or liberalism may refer to:
Politics
* a supporter of liberalism
** Liberalism by country
* an adherent of a Liberal Party
* Liberalism (international relations)
* Sexually liberal feminism
* Social liberalism
Arts, entertainment and m ...
Neue Synagoge (new synagogue), built along Lindenstraße from 1894 to 1896, was burned down during the
Night of Broken Glass in 1938. The Kypkeanum on Hinterlomse was a dormitory established in 1778 by the philologist
Georg David Kypke for students of the
University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg (german: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was the university of Königsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Pruss ...
.
To the south Lindenstraße became the Weidendamm, which was named after its decorative
willow
Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist ...
trees. Weidendamm was first developed by Altstadt during the 1455 siege of Kneiphof, part of the
Thirteen Years' War, and was used as a warehouse quarter.
It connected to
Vorstadt
In German language, German, a Vorstadt is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a ''Vorort'' (suburb).
Historically, a ''Vorstadt'' ("suburb" ...
by the Kaiserbrücke (Emperor Bridge) and to
Haberberg by the Hohe Brücke (High Bridge). Working class Weidendamm had one of the highest birth rates in the city at the start of the 20th century.
Of the
Seven Bridges of Königsberg
The Seven Bridges of Königsberg is a historically notable problem in mathematics. Its negative resolution by Leonhard Euler in 1736 laid the foundations of graph theory and prefigured the idea of topology.
The city of Königsberg in Prussia (n ...
made famous by the mathematical problem solved by
Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler ( , ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in ma ...
, three connected to Lomse. Originally all were
bascule bridges
A bascule bridge (also referred to as a drawbridge or a lifting bridge) is a moveable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span, or leaf, throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat traffic. It may be single- or ...
.
* ("Wooden Bridge") north across the to
Löbenicht View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche
Löbenicht ( lt, Lyvenikė; pl, Lipnik) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest ...
. The first bridge was built in 1404.
* ("Honey Bridge") west to
Kneiphof
Coat of arms of Kneiphof
Postcard of Kneiphöfsche Langgasse
Reconstruction of Kneiphof in Kaliningrad's museum
Kneiphof (russian: Кнайпхоф; pl, Knipawa; lt, Knypava) was a quarter of central Königsberg (Kaliningrad). During the ...
, on its own island in the Pregolya (). Built in 1542 with the permission of
Albert, Duke of Prussia
Albert of Prussia (german: Albrecht von Preussen; 17 May 149020 March 1568) was a German prince who was the 37th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, who after converting to Lutheranism, became the first ruler of the Duchy of Prussia, the secu ...
.
Панно кадинской майолики и крест: история здания собора на улице Генерала Павлова. Спецпроект Клопс.Ru "Осколки Кёнигсберга"
/ref> Its name comes from the honey with which Kneiphof burgher Bezenrade (Vesenrade) paid the builders.
* ("High Bridge") south across the to Haberberg. The old bridge existed by 1520.
Notes
References
*
*
*
*
*Karl, G. (1924). ''Geschichtliches Straßenverzeichnis der Stadt Königsberg in Preußen. Einleitung und Ergänzungen bis 1941 von Peter Wörster.'' Königsberg Pr.: Verlag der Königsberger Allgemeinen Zeitung und Verlagsdruckerei. pp. 176. Reprinted by Verein für Familienforschung in Ost- und Westpreußen e.V. Nr. 4. Hamburg, 1992.
*
{{coord, 54, 42, 16, N, 20, 31, 15, E, region:RU-KGD_type:city_source:kolossus-dewiki, display=title
1286 establishments in Europe
Former subdivisions of Königsberg
Populated places established in the 13th century
River islands of Russia