Liu Xi (died 193BC), better known by his

courtesy name A courtesy name ( zh, s=字, p=zì, l=character), also known as a style name, is an additional name bestowed upon individuals at adulthood, complementing their given name. This tradition is prevalent in the East Asian cultural sphere, particula ...

Liu Zhong,. was an elder brother of Emperor Gaozu, founder of

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Han dynasty The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC ...

. He served as marquess of Hexin, king or prince of Dai, and marquess of Heyang.

Life

Liu Xi was the son of the man known to history as

Liu Taigong Liu Taigong (), personal name Liu Tuan (), was the father of Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu of Han). Biography Not much is recorded about Taigong historically. He was born and likely lived his early life in Feng town (豐邑) of Pei County, in present-d ...

. His elder brother, Liu Bo, ( t s ''Liú Bó'') died young, leaving Liu Xi the eldest male in the family of

Liu Bang Emperor Gaozu of Han (2561 June 195 BC), also known by his given name Liu Bang, was the founder and first emperor of the Han dynasty, reigning from 202 to 195 BC. He is considered by traditional Chinese historiography to be one o ...

,. who became the first Han emperor of China and was posthumously known as Emperor Gaozu ("High Ancestor"). After Liu Bang's establishment of the Han, Liu Xi was created

Marquess A marquess (; ) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or wid ...

of Hexin. In 201BC, King Xin of Han—who had been removed by the emperor from his native land to rule over the northern border from Mayi—defected to the

Xiongnu The Xiongnu (, ) were a tribal confederation of Nomad, nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese historiography, Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, t ...

. Liu Xi was named King or Prince of Dai in his place. This territory spread over the three northern commanderies of Dai,

Yanmen Yanmen Pass, also known by its Chinese name Yanmenguan and as Xixingguan, is a mountain pass which includes three fortified gatehouses along the Great Wall of China. The area was a strategic choke point in ancient and medieval China, contro ...

, and

Yunzhong Yunzhong Commandery was a historical commandery of China. Its territories were located between the Great Wall and Yin Mountains, and correspond to part of modern-day Hohhot, Baotou and Ulanqab prefectures in Inner Mongolia. The commandery was cr ...

and formed the front line between the Han state and the

nomads Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, Nomadic pastoralism, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and Merchant, trader nomads. In the twentieth century, ...

of the

Eurasian steppe The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or The Steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome. It stretches through Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Europea ...

. Liu Xi fled to

Luoyang Luoyang ( zh, s=洛阳, t=洛陽, p=Luòyáng) is a city located in the confluence area of the Luo River and the Yellow River in the west of Henan province, China. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zheng ...

by himself before a

attack in the 12th month of the 7th year of Liu Bang's reign. (200BC). Following this display of cowardice, Liu Xi was replaced in Dai and demoted to Marquess of Heyang ( t s ''Héyáng''), a

county A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

southeast of present-day

Heyang County Heyang County (, ) is a county in Shaanxi Province, China, bordering Shanxi Province to the east across the Yellow River. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Weinan. History Heyang County dates to at least the early ...

. In 195BC, Liu Xi's son Prince Pi was made Prince or King of Wu. Liu Xi died in 193BC and was subsequently honored under the

posthumous name A posthumous name is an honorary Personal name, name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian cultural sphere, East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Malaysia and Thailand. ...

of the "Qing" or "Momentary King"..

References

Citations

Sources

* . * . * . * . {{DEFAULTSORT:Liu, Zhong 193 BC deaths Han dynasty imperial princes Year of birth unknown Emperor Gaozu of Han