Deng Xihou (; 24 May 1889 – 30 March 1964) was a Chinese general and prominent

warlord Warlords are individuals who exercise military, Economy, economic, and Politics, political control over a region, often one State collapse, without a strong central or national government, typically through informal control over Militia, local ...

Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...

. He joined the Qing Imperial Army, and then went on to serve under the

Beiyang Government The Beiyang government was the internationally recognized government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China between 1912 and 1928, based in Beijing. It was dominated by the generals of the Beiyang Army, giving it its name. B ...

and the

Nationalist Government The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT ...

before finally defecting to the

Communists Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, d ...

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; traditionally Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Mao Tse-tung. (26December 18939September 1976) was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in ...

and holding political office in the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Biography

Deng was born in 1889 in Yingshan,

. In 1906 he was admitted to the Sichuan Military School of the Qing Imperial Army, graduating in 1909. He then entered the Nanjing Army School for advanced study, but after the

Xinhai Revolution The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC). The revolution was the culmination of a decade ...

, he discontinued his studies and returned to Sichuan. After the

of the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

was established, Deng joined the Sichuan 4th Division of warlord Liu Cunhou. He successively held the posts of adjutant, company commander, and battalion commander. In 1917 he became commander of the 5th Brigade and in February 1918 commander of the Sichuan Independent Brigade. From 1920 to 1923, Deng participated in battles in

Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...

Guizhou ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_map = Guizhou in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_alt = Map showing the location of Guizhou Province , map_caption = Map s ...

and Sichuan and was appointed commander of the 3rd Division. On December 10, 1923, the

Beiyang government The Beiyang government was the internationally recognized government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China between 1912 and 1928, based in Beijing. It was dominated by the generals of the Beiyang Army, giving it its name. B ...

established by the

Zhili clique The Zhili clique () was a military faction that split from the Republic of China's Beiyang Army during the country's Warlord Era. It was named for Zhili Province (modern-day Hebei), which was the clique's base of power. At its height, it also ...

promoted Deng to the rank of general. In May 1924 he was appointed Governor of Sichuan. In 1926, Deng joined his forces to the

National Revolutionary Army The National Revolutionary Army (NRA; zh, labels=no, t=國民革命軍) served as the military arm of the Kuomintang, Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) from 1924 until 1947. From 1928, it functioned as the regular army, de facto ...

under Chiang Kai-shek, and he was designated commander of the 28th Army and Military Governor of Sichuan from 1926 to 1927. He was sent to command the 45th Army in 1927, while acting as director of the Sichuan Provincial Financial Bureau. In 1928 he became the commanding general of the 14th Route Army. When the

Second Sino-Japanese War The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is considered part ...

began in 1937, Deng became the general commanding the 4th Corps and then the 45th Corps, seeing action at the

Battle of Xuzhou A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

in 1938. Then he was made Commander in Chief of the 22nd Army Group, composed of Sichuan divisions that fought the Japanese in the

Battle of Taierzhuang The Battle of Taierzhuang ( zh, t=, p=Tái'érzhuāng Huìzhàn) took place during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1938. It was fought between the armies of the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan in the peak of the Xuzhou Campaign. The ba ...

. His force defended

Lincheng Lincheng County () is a county in the southwest of Hebei province, People's Republic of China, in the foothills of the Taihang Mountains. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xingtai Xingtai ( zh, s= , t=邢臺, p=Xí ...

, and Dengxian, north of

Taierzhuang Tai'erzhuang District ( zh, s=, t=臺兒莊區, p=Tái'érzhuāng Qū) is the southernmost of five District (China), districts under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zaozhuang. The district is located in the south of Shandong Pr ...

From 1939 to 1945 he was the Military Affairs Commissioner for the

Southwest The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A '' compass rose'' is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west— ...

. During the

Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government, government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Armed conflict continued intermitt ...

, Deng Xihou was once again given the governorship of Sichuan, from 1947 to 1948. However, Deng, together with fellow Sichuan generals and warlords

Liu Wenhui Liu Wenhui (; 10 January 1895 – 24 June 1976) was a Chinese general and warlord of Sichuan province ( Sichuan clique). At the beginning of his career, he was aligned with the Kuomintang (KMT), commanding the Sichuan-Xikang Defence Force from 1 ...

and

Pan Wenhua Pan Wenhua (; 16 October 1886 – 16 November 1950), courtesy name Zhongsan (仲三) was a Kuomintang general from Sichuan. Biography Born in Renshou County, Sichuan in 1885, Pan was the Command of the 28th Division of the National Revolutionar ...

, crossed over to the Communists in the Chengdu Uprising of December 1949 (they were in secret negotiations with

since the early summer of 1949). Chengdu was the last important city on the Chinese mainland to be captured by the Communists. In the new

, Deng went on to serve as Vice Governor of Sichuan, member of the National Committee of the

Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s United front (China), united front system. Its members adv ...

, member of the

Central Military Commission Central Military Commission may refer to: *Central Military Commission (China), the highest national defense organization in the People's Republic of China. *Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the highest body in Vietnam ...

, member of the

National People's Congress The National People's Congress (NPC) is the highest organ of state power of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The NPC is the only branch of government in China, and per the principle of unified power, all state organs from the Sta ...

, and he was also elected to the Central Committee of the

Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK; also commonly known, especially when referenced historically, as the Left Kuomintang or Left Guomindang), commonly abbreviated in Chinese as Minge (), is one of the eight minor Democ ...

(RCCK). Deng Xihou died on March 30, 1964, in

Chengdu Chengdu; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, previously Romanization of Chinese, romanized as Chengtu. is the capital city of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a ...

, aged 74. One of his sons,

Deng Yumin Deng may refer to: People and ethnic groups * Deng (Chinese surname), including a list of people with the name **Deng Sui, empress dowager of the Eastern Han Dynasty. ** Deng Xiaoping, leader of China 1978–1989 ** Honghao Deng (born 1994), Chines ...

(born 1940) is a politician, having served as Vice Chairman of

Municipal People's Congress, and member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

References

External links

Deng Xihou
in Chinese

with photo

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deng, Xihou 1889 births 1964 deaths Politicians from Nanchong Republic of China politicians from Sichuan People's Republic of China politicians from Sichuan National Revolutionary Army generals from Sichuan Political office-holders in Sichuan

Biography

See also

References

External links