The Littorinidae are a
taxonomic family of over 200 species of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s, marine
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
molluscs in the
clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
Littorinimorpha
Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but also including some freshwater snails ( limnic species) and land snails ( terrestrial species).Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); FrĂ ...
, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.
Names
In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the
Neritidae
Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Family (biology), family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive Operculum (gastropod), operculum.
MolluscaBase eds. (202 ...
, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.
Taxonomy
These
subfamilies have been recognized in
the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
* Subfamily
Littorininae Children
A child () is a human being between the stages of childbirth, birth and puberty, or between the Development of the human body, developmental period of infancy and puberty. The term may also refer to an unborn human being. In English-speaking ...
, 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
* Subfamily
Lacuninae Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
* Subfamily
Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:
;
Littorininae
* ''
Afrolittorina'' Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
* ''
Austrolittorina'' Rosewater, 1970
* ''
Cenchritis'' von Martens, 1900
* ''
Echinolittorina'' Habe, 1956 – synonyms: ''Amerolittorina'' Reid, 2009;
''Fossarilittorina'' Rosewater, 1981; ''Granulilittorina'' Habe & Kosuge, 1966; ''Lineolittorina'' Reid, 2009
* ''
Littoraria'' Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
* ''
Littorina
''Littorina'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the family (biology), family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.WoRMS (2011). Littorina FĂ©russac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...
''
Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
* ''
Mainwaringia'' Nevill, 1885
* ''
Melarhaphe'' Menke, 1828
* ''
Nodilittorina'' von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
** ''
Echinolittorina'' – 59 species worldwide
** ''
Austrolittorina'' – five species
** ''
Afrolittorina'' – four species
** ''
Nodilittorina'' s.s. – the monotypic subgenus
* ''
Peasiella'' - Nevill, 1885
* ''
Tectarius''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...
, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: ''
Echininus'' Clench & Abbott, 1942.
;
Lacuninae
* ''
Bembicium'' Philippi, 1846
* ''
Cremnoconchus'' Blanford, 1869
[(file created 29 July 2010]
FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA
11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.[Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". '']Annals and Magazine of Natural History
The ''Journal of Natural History'' is a scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis focusing on entomology and zoology. The journal was established in 1841 under the name ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (''Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.'') ...
'' (4)3
340
344
page 343
– freshwater snails living in waterfalls.
[Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". '' Hydrobiologia'' 595: 149–166. .]
* ''
Lacuna''
Turton, 1827 – synonym: ''Aquilonaria''
Dall, 1886
* ''
Pellilitorina'' Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
* ''
Risellopsis'' Kesteven, 1902
;
Laevilitorininae
* ''
Laevilacunaria'' Powell, 1951
* ''
Laevilitorina''
Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?
* ''
Algamorda''
Dall, 1918
* ''
Macquariella''
Finlay, 1927 (?)
* ''
Rissolitorina''
Ponder, 1966
;Synonyms:
* ''Corneolitorina'' Powell, 1951: synonym of ''Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina)'' Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented as ''Laevilitorina'' Pfeffer, 1886
* ''Haloconcha'' Dall, 1886 is a synonym for ''
Lacunaria
''Lacunaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ochnaceae native to Central America and tropical South America.
Species
, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
*''Lacunaria crenata'' (Tul.) A.C.Sm.
*''Lacunaria gr ...
'' Dall, 1885
* ''Macquariella'' Finlay, 1926: synonym of ''Laevilitorina'' Pfeffer, 1886
* ''Rissolittorina'' Ponder, 1966: synonym of ''Laevilitorina'' Pfeffer, 1886
References
*
*
Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'',
William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Further reading
{{Authority control
Taxa named by John George Children