Skwlax te Secwepemculecw (
Shuswap language
The Shuswap language (; , ) is a northern Interior Salish language traditionally spoken by the Shuswap people (, ) of British Columbia. An endangered language, Shuswap is spoken mainly in the Central and Southern Interior of British Columbia b ...
: Skwlax) is a
First Nations
First nations are indigenous settlers or bands.
First Nations, first nations, or first peoples may also refer to:
Indigenous groups
*List of Indigenous peoples
*First Nations in Canada, Indigenous peoples of Canada who are neither Inuit nor Mé ...
band government
In Canada, an Indian band (), First Nation band () or simply band, is the basic unit of government for those peoples subject to the ''Indian Act'' (i.e. status Indians or First Nations). Bands are typically small groups of people: the largest in ...
of a community of the
Secwepemc Nation, located in the
Central Interior region of
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...
, Canada. Its main
Indian reserve
In Canada, an Indian reserve () or First Nations reserve () is defined by the '' Indian Act'' as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." ...
is in
Chase, British Columbia
Chase is a village located in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It has a population of 2,399, and its main industries are forestry and tourism. It is located at the outlet of Little Shuswap Lake, which is the source of the South Tho ...
, sometimes marked
Squilax on maps ("black bear" in the
Shuswap language
The Shuswap language (; , ) is a northern Interior Salish language traditionally spoken by the Shuswap people (, ) of British Columbia. An endangered language, Shuswap is spoken mainly in the Central and Southern Interior of British Columbia b ...
) is properly called Quaaout, and is on the shore of
Little Shuswap Lake
Little Shuswap Lake is a small lake in the Thompson River basin of the southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which sits at the transition between the Thompson Country to the west and the Shuswap Country to the east. It is fed by the Litt ...
. It was created when the government of the then-
Colony of British Columbia The Colony of British Columbia refers to one of two colonies of British North America, located on the Pacific coast of modern-day Canada:
* Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)
* Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)
See also
* History of ...
established an Indian Reserve system in the 1860s.
Skwlax te Secwepemculecw has been focusing on bringing tourism to town as well as developing the local band economy. Multiple businesses have been added on the band's premises, including:
* Talking Rock Golf course
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* Quaaout Lodge
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* Skwlax Airstrip
link)
* Skwlax Centre
link)
Governance
The former Chief is Oliver Arnouse and the current Chief is James Tomma.
James Tomma has run for chief six times in the span of 24 years. He vocalized that he never counts any of his battles as losses, and has been consistent with his multiple runs for Chief. On December 1, 2021, he was declared the winner of the election.
Their governance structure is the custom electoral system.
James Tomma won over his opponent Oliver Arnouse by twenty seven votes.
Tomma emphasized his main goal as Chief is to bring back the band's youth members to work on their native lands. Building their community is an important goal for Chief Tomma.
History
The First Nation is located in the Thompson Okanagan region of British Columbia. As of December 2024, there are 389 members of the Skwlax te Secwepemculecw. Not all of these members live in the same area though. Salmon Arm, Chase, and Kamloops are areas nearby where other members are residing. Only about 200 members live in Quaaout or Tappen. Only 10 percent of the community is unemployed, and those who are employed work at one of the First Nation's businesses; including Quaaout Lodge and Spa, Talking Rock Golf Course, and Little Shuswap Lake Gas station.
Skwlax te Secwepemculecw is one of seventeen bands that are a part of the
Secwepemc Nation. 10,000 years ago the people of the Secwepemc Nation were living in the areas as far as
Quesnel to
Shuswap. This is an area of about . In a thirteen-year span epidemics caused the Secwepemc people to perish. By 1903, 70% of the population died, leaving seventeen out of thirty tribes left. One of them being the Skwlax te Secwepemculecw.
Name
Before the Little Shuswap Lake Indian Band was named “Little Shuswap”, they went by some other names. In 1877, they were called “Alternate Little Lake” and in 1881, they went by “Kuaut” or “Kualt”. Their traditional name written in the Secwepemctsín language is “Qw7Ewt”.
Language
The native language of the Skwlax te Secwepemculecw is
Secwepemctsín. Although the pronunciation differs, it is based on the English language. Secwepemctsín has 43 letters in its alphabet.
According to UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, there are roughly around 1,100 people left who can speak the Secwepemctsín language. Most of these native speakers have a mean age of around fifty years old. This means the language is gravely endangered. However, schools and some universities offer classes students can take to learn the language in an effort to save this part of their culture.
Culture
Smudging
Smudging, or other rites involving the burning of sacred herbs (e.g., white sage) or resins, is a ceremony practiced by some Indigenous peoples of the Americas. While it bears some resemblance to other ceremonies and rituals involving smoke (e.g ...
is known as an art that involves a ceremony hosted by a knowledgeable, experienced elder in the act of smudging. The purpose of this ceremony is to clear everything around the individuals participating including the air, as well as their inner emotions and surrounding negativity. Sweetgrass, cedar, sage, and tobacco are collected for the smudging ceremony. A bowl, metal pan, or shell is needed to put the ingredients in. These, along with lighting them on fire and creating smoke, are supposed to represent the elements of air, water, earth, and fire. The experienced teacher or elder will pull the smoke towards them. They use the smoke to act out “washing their hands” and then they pull the smoke over their heads. This is symbolic for them to remember goodness through all of their senses. When the ceremony is over the ashes are then released onto the ground.
Canoe carving is a cultural practice for the Skwlax te Secwepemculecw community. They had stopped carving for sixty years and recently in 2017 decided to start practicing it again. They had help from another nearby band (
Okanagan Indian Band
The Okanagan Indian Band () is a First Nations government in the Canadian province of British Columbia, located in the city of Vernon in the northern Okanagan Valley. The band is a member government of the Okanagan Nation Alliance.
Current Chie ...
) to refresh their memory on how to properly carve canoes, as well as teach the younger generations.
In 2018, they decided to rebuild a
sweat lodge
A sweat lodge is a low profile hut, typically dome-shaped or oblong, and made with natural materials. The structure is the ''lodge'', and the ceremony performed within the structure may be called by some cultures a purification ceremony or simply ...
that was previously there. Grand Chief Felix Arnouse explained the importance of the sweat lodge. The sweat lodge can provide great healing and it is used for traditional purification processes. This happens through sweating out toxins from the body. It can be done through laughing, shouting, or crying with emphasis on letting go of negative energy. The Grand Chief sees the rebuilding of the sweat lodge as a way to share his culture with tourists. Sharing this experience with tourists will hopefully show their beliefs, value, and spirituality with Mother Earth. The new lodge was built with wood that was previously used on the original sweat lodge. Lava rocks are used to warm up the lodge since they hold temperatures well.
COVID-19
COVID-19 has affected many Indian nations and bands. Skwlax te Secwepemculecw is not an exception. They have had cases as well as closures of places and events. As of 2022, they have canceled all events indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Kamloops Powwow, which is an annual festival they host has also been canceled for two years. It is not known whether events will be offered in the future.
Businesses
Quaaout Lodge
Skwlax te Secwepemculecw band members decided they needed to grow their economy as well as build a lucrative business. Because job security was important to them, the band members came up with the idea to build a tourist lodge in 1979.
The name “Quaaout” means “when the sun’s rays first hit the water” in Secwepemctsín.
Secwepemctsín is the native language of the Little Shuswap people.
Former chiefs William Arnouse and Felix Arnouse, as well as John Anderson worked on the business name, logo, and building design.
The business was later opened in 1992. Since then, Quaaout Lodge has been expanded on, with the Quaaout Conference Centre in 2001 and Talking Rock Golf Course in 2007. They also added a few restaurants, upgraded the hotel from a three star hotel to a five star hotel, and lastly added Leyke Day Spa in 2011.
Talking Rock Golf Course
This golf course's name was chosen significantly by band members. The name comes from their ancestors who painted or carved rocks to tell their stories. These were known as pictographs.
Planning began in 1992 and by 1995, architects Graham Cooke & Wayne Carlton designed the future golf course. The course was officially opened in March 2007.
Skwlax Wellness Centre
The Skwlax Wellness Centre is used for health and social development programs and services. Programs offered include community health programs, social development such as income assistance and support for low income individuals and mental health counseling. They also offer summer day camp programs, dental treatment, child welfare liaison, as well as mandatory health programs. The mandatory health programs are designed to assist in giving immunizations and following protocols for disease control.
Reserves
Little Shuswap Indian Band has jurisdiction over the following reserves:
Creating a Sustainable Future for Little Shuswap Lake Indian Band - Pg.2
/ref>
* Quaaout 1
* Chum Creek 2
* Meadow Creek 3
* Scotch Creek 4
* North Bay 5
See also
* Shuswap Nation Tribal Council
*Chase, British Columbia
Chase is a village located in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It has a population of 2,399, and its main industries are forestry and tourism. It is located at the outlet of Little Shuswap Lake, which is the source of the South Tho ...
References
External links
Shuswap Nation website
Little Shuswap Lake Indian Band website
{{Secwepemc First Nations
Secwepemc governments
Shuswap Country